2-GI-hepato-biliary PP-Jaundice

Question 1

Define Jaundice?

Answer 1

Is increased circulating levels of bilirubin.

Question 2

What are the three pathway of bilirubin metabolism? and explain each pathway?

Answer 2

1- pre-hepatic pathway : haemoglobin is broken down into Haem and Globin in the spleen—> then haem is converted into bilirubin——–> then Bilirubin is released into the circultion.

2-Hepatic pathway: once the bilirubin reachs the liver—-> Bilirubin is uptaked by the hepatocytes—-> the hepatocytes conjugate bilirubin—–> conjucated bilirubin is released in the billiary system.

3- Post-hepatic pathway: transport of water soluble conjucated bilirubin in the billiary system—> then conjugated bilirubin is released and breakdown in the small intestine —–> reabsorption of bilirubin from the small intestine into the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin.