Fractures of Humerus and Femur in LAs

Question 1

true or false: fractures of humerus in LAs is rare

Answer 1

true

Question 2

presentation for humerus fracture

Answer 2

same as olecranon: flexed carpus + dropped elbow

Question 3

fractures of the humerus in LAs are rare; they’re usually _______

Answer 3

spiral to long oblique

Question 4

LAs with fractures of the humerus frequently also often have…

Answer 4

radial n. paralysis

Question 5

treatment options for fractures of humerus

Answer 5

• conservative (better for cattle or young animals)
• surgical: rare
• young: single plate on CRANIAL aspect;
• double plate: CRANIAL and LATERAL
• intramedullary interlocking nail

Question 6

why is surgery for fractures of the humerus in LAs rare? (4)

Answer 6

difficult surgical approach, risk of radial n. injury, irregular contour of humerus, expensive

Question 7

common signalment for fractures of femur

Answer 7

foals and calves

Question 8

types of femur fractures common (2)

Answer 8

-femoral capital physeal fracture (salter harris type 1) -daiphyseal

Question 9

causes of femoral capital physeal fracture/slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 9

salter harris type 1 -forced fetal extraction -direct lateral trauma -overabduction of rear limbs

Question 10

diagnosis of causes of femoral capital physeal fracture/slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 10

crepitation on palpation, non weight bearing + rads

Question 11

treatment for causes of femoral capital physeal fracture/slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 11

-most common: open reduction + internal fixation with cannulated screws (placed over guide wires) -other: -lag screws -dynamic hip screw plate in foals

Question 12

prognosis for causes of femoral capital physeal fracture/slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 12

good

Question 13

true or false: diaphyseal fractures of the femur are usually closed but can lead to large hematomas due to vast musculature

Answer 13

true

Question 14

causes of diaphyseal fractures of femur in LAs

Answer 14

-foals: direct trauma or falling with limb adducted -calves: forced fetal extraction

Question 15

treatment for diaphyseal fractures of femur

Answer 15

• foals and adults: double plating (cranial and lateral); can use dynamic condylar screw plate
• calves: intramedullary stack pin OR interlocking nail +/- type 1 ESF

Question 16

prognosis for diaphyseal fractures of femur

Answer 16

-calves: 75% (good) -adults and foals: poor/guarded

Question 17

tension side of femur

Answer 17

lateral

Question 18

for treating diaphyseal femur fractures in calves. you have two options: -intramedullary stack pin or interlocking nail (both can be done with type 1 ESF). what’s the con to the stack pin

Answer 18

does NOT protect against rotational/axial forces