Repro Surgery in Stallions

Question 1

what forms the prepubital orific in stallions

Answer 1

reflection of the external lamina

Question 2

G.S. diagnosis of cryptorchid stallions

Answer 2

AMH

Question 3

paraphimosis

Answer 3

inability to retract penis

Question 4

yellow granules on penis indicate…

Answer 4

L3 from habronemiasis

Question 5

phimosis

Answer 5

inability to extrude penis

Question 6

extensive reefing is also known as…

Answer 6

adam’s procedure (removal of entire internal lamina)

Question 7

what landmark do you pull when retrieving a retained teste via inguinal approach?

Answer 7

vaginal process

Question 8

what forms the prepubital ring

Answer 8

reflection of the internal lamina

Question 9

which is more common in stallions: unilateral cryptorchids or bilateral?

Answer 9

unilateral

Question 10

treatment for superficial penial neoplasia

Answer 10

5-FU cream for 14 days

Question 11

signs associated with cutaneous habronemiasis/summer sores

Answer 11

• for lesions on urethral process: hematuria/hemospermia

- for lesions around prepubital ring: impairs telescoping

Question 12

G.S. surgery for removal of abdominally retained testes in stallions

Answer 12

standing laparoscopy

Question 13

types of abdominal cryptorchids in stallions

Answer 13

• incomplete: teste in abdomen BUT tail of epididymus past vaginal ring
• complete

***abdominally retained testes will NEVER descend

Question 14

treatment for extensive, coalescing penile neoplasias

Answer 14

reefing

Question 15

in stallions: which teste is usually inguinal? and which abdominal?

Answer 15

right is usually inguinal (60% of time)

left is usually abdominal (75%)

OPPOSITE for ponies

Question 16

which is more common in stallions: right unilateral cryptorochids or left?

Answer 16

EQUAL

Question 17

you are unsure where a retained teste is. what is the surgery of choice?

Answer 17

standing laparoscopy

Question 18

signalment for SCC

Answer 18

geldings >stallions because of smegma

Question 19

true or false: new study suggests that cryptorchidism in stallions may not be as heritable as previously thought

Answer 19

true

Question 20

surgical options for paraphimosis

Answer 20

***all affect breeding; should be done with castration

• extensive reefing/adam’s procedure: remove entire internal lamina then suture external lamina to free part of penis
• phallopexy/Bolz procedure: more invasive/less common
• partial phallectomy: for penile paralysis or irreparable damage

Question 21

treatment for deeper but small penile neoplasias

Answer 21

5-FU, laser, cryotherapy

Question 22

normal testicular descent

Answer 22

10 days before birth to 10 days after birth

Question 23

what facilitates testicular descent

Answer 23

shortening of gubernaculum (which later becomes proper ligament, ligament of tail of the epididymus, and scrotal ligmaent)

Question 24

true or false: unilateral stallion cryptorchids are usually fertile

Answer 24

true

Question 25

where is genital SCC usually found

Answer 25

glans penis or internal lamina

Question 26

indications for surgery for paraphimosis (3)

Answer 26

- refractory to medical management - fibrosis/scarring prevents retraction - nerve damage

Question 27

pros of standing laparoscopy to retrieve retained testes

Answer 27

NO GA required excellent viewing + hemostasis

Question 28

phallopexy is also known as...

Answer 28

bolz procedure

Question 29

extensive penile neoplasia +/- tunica albuginea involved

Answer 29

partial phallectomy (CASTRATE beforehand; can be done standing, GA, or via banding for 4 weeks)

Question 30

true or false: monorchism is extremely rare in equines

Answer 30

true

Question 31

surgical options for cryptorchid stallions

Answer 31

- inguinal approach: can be used for inguinal or abdominal testes (but NOT GS for abdominal) - standing laparoscopy: G.S. for abdominal or if prior attempts at castration have already been made or if location unknown

Question 32

types of inguinal cryptorchids in stallions

Answer 32

- can be within external inguinal canal (just past vaginal ring) - or can be further down in SQ ALL inguinal testes have a chance of descending until 2-3 years

Question 33

true or false: inguinal retained testes can descend in stallions until about 2-3 years. Abdominally retained, on the other hand, NEVER descend

Answer 33

true

Question 34

bilateral cryptorchid stallions are usually retained where?

Answer 34

abdominal 60% of time AND usually sterile

Question 35

true or false: stallion behavior is learned

Answer 35

true

Question 36

cause of phimosis

Answer 36

acquired stricture of prepubital orifice or ring

Question 37

treatment for phimosis in stallions

Answer 37

- if stricture at prepubital ring: reefing or wedge | - if stricture at prepubital orifice: remove wedge

Question 38

most common locations for cutaneous habornemiasis in stallions

Answer 38

urethral process and prepubital ring

Question 39

Why are horses prone to uroliths

Answer 39

Urine is high in Ca carbonate and has an alkaline (high) pH

Question 40

Most common locations for stones in equines

Answer 40

Bladder> urethra >kidney > ureter

Question 41

Types of uroliths in equines

Answer 41

Type 1: rough and yellow (95%) Type 2: smooth, white, AND RESISTANT TO FRAGMENTATION (has P and Mg)

Question 42

GS for removal of stones in equines

Answer 42

Laparocystotomy via parainguinal approach (requires GA) Can also do transurethral (perineal urethrotomy)

Question 43

This is makes a horse NOT a candidate for removal of stones surgically

Answer 43

Sabulous cystitis Dysfunction of detrusor m. Can’t void bladder. Distended bladder on TR palpation