Class 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What enzymes make polymers

A

polymerases

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2
Q

what is the process that breaks down polymers?

A

hydrolysis

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3
Q

What is a nucleotide made up of?

A

1) sugar
2) base
3) phosphates

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4
Q

where does base attach to nucleotide?

A

at the 1’ location

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5
Q

where does phosphate attach the base?

A

at the 5’ location

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6
Q

Name the Pyrimidine bases

A

Pyramids cut
cytosine
thymine
uracil

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7
Q

Name the purine bases

A

Adenien a

guanine

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8
Q

What are the two ways prokaryotes protect their DNA form degradation?

A

Supercoiling and methylation (protect from restriction enzymes

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9
Q

What are the enzymes that degrade virus n prokaryote cytoplasm?

A

restriction enzymes

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10
Q

What is the function of the centromere?

A

where sister chromatids attach, and spindle fibers

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11
Q

What is the telomere on the chromosome, and what are its functions

A

Telomere is the ends of chromosome

Function: stabilize the ends of chromosomes by capping them

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12
Q

Transcription is ____ —> ______

A

DNA to RNA

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13
Q

Translation is ____ —-> ____

A

RNA to Protein

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14
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG

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15
Q

What are the stop codons (3)?

A
UAG
UAA
UGA
U are annoyong
U are gone
U go away
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of polymerase error?

A

Point mutation
insertion/deletion (small, frameshift)
small repeats

17
Q

What is the intergenic region

A

Long stretches of DNA between genes

18
Q

What is a transposon?

A

Its when a gene is replicated, then cut and paste into another gene

19
Q

What are the 4 rules for DNA replication?

A

1) Semiconservative
2) 5’ to 3’
3) Requires a primer
4) DNA replication requires template

20
Q

DNA poly III

A

High processivity

adds nucleotides 400 bp down from ORI

21
Q

Dna Poly I

A

Low prcessicity

adds neuclutides at RNA primer

22
Q

Compare the subunits of Prokary, and Euk

A

Prokaryote subunit is 50S and 30S for a total of 70S

Euk. is 60S and 40S for a total of 80S

23
Q

what is the function of telomerase, and how does it do this.

A

extends end of telomere, has built in RNA primer, and reverse transcriptase

24
Q

How much ATP is used up in making peptide of 50 Amino acids?

A

200 ATP