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MRCS PART A > Diagnoses > Flashcards

Diagnoses Flashcards

1
Q

Laceration to lung parenchyma with flap leading to pressure in thorax and hyperresonant percussion on affected side

A

Tension pneumothorax

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2
Q

Multiple rib fractures, chest wall disconnects from thoracic cage, pulmonary contusion, abnormal chest motion

A

Flail chest

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3
Q

Beck’s triad, pulsus paradoxus

A

Cardiac tamponade

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4
Q

Deceleration injury, contained haematoma and widened mediastinum

A

Aortic disruption/rupture

Usually incomplete laceration near ligamentum arteriosum

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5
Q

Tearing, sudden onset chest pain, BP difference >20mm Hg, early diastolic murmur, sometimes ST elevation in inferior leads, CXR widened mediastinum

A

Aortic dissection

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6
Q

Blunt trauma and CT shows large amount of retroperitoneal air

A

Duodenal injury

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7
Q

Blood at urethral meatus, perineal haematoma, urinary retention

A

Bulbar urethral rupture

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8
Q

Pelvic fracture, penile/perineal oedema, high riding prostate on PR

A

Membraneous urethral rupture

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9
Q

Complete ophthalmoplegia + ptosis, RAPD, pupillary dilation, altered sensation from forehead to vertex

A

Superior orbital fissure syndrome

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10
Q

Pain, proptosis, no pupillary reactions, paralysis, loss of visual acuity (colour first)

A

Retrobulbar haemorrhage

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11
Q

Deceleration injury causing mechanical shearing

A

Diffuse axonal injury

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12
Q

Abdo pain, peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, constipation, blue lines gum margin

A

Lead poisoning

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13
Q

Isolated hemisensory loss

A

Lacunar infarct

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14
Q

Hemiparesis/sensory loss, homonymous hemianopia and dysphasia

A

Total anterior circulation infarct

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15
Q

Ipsilateral ataxia, nystagmus dysphagia, facial numbness, contralateral limb sensory loss

A

Lateral medullary syndrome (PICA)

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16
Q

Hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hypoglycaemia

A

Addisonian crisis

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17
Q

Unwell patient with low TSH, T3 and thyroxine

A

Sick euthyroid syndrome

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18
Q

Acute severe abdo pain + reticulocystosis

A

Sickle cell anaemia

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19
Q

Acute severe abdo pain + reticulocytopenia

A

Parvovirus causing transient aplastic crisis

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20
Q

Loss of shoulder abduction, internally rotated, extended elbow and pronated forearm

A

Erb’s palsy (waiter’s tip position)

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21
Q

Claw hand, loss of wrist flexors, loss of sensation over medial aspect of forearm and hand, Horner’s syndrome

A

Klumpke’s paralysis

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22
Q

Bleeding, increased fibrin degradation products, low platelet count

A

DIC

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23
Q

Reduced sensation on dorm of foot and weakness of foot dorsiflexion

A

Sciatic nerve injury

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24
Q

Blow-out fracture of atlas

A

Jefferson fracture

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25
Q

Bilateral fracture of pars interarticularis

A

Hangman’s fracture

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26
Q

Facial weakness on one side and unable to raise eyebrows

A

Bell’s palsy

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27
Q

Facial weakness on one side but able to raise eyebrowns

A

UMN lesion (stroke)

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28
Q

Obese adolescent, groin/knee pain

A

SUFE

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29
Q

Transient scrotal swelling, appears on standing, disappears on lying

A

varicocele

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30
Q

Pea shaped lump at superior pole of testicle on posterior aspect enlarging very slowly

A

epididymal cyst

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31
Q

Sudden onset testicular pain, intact cremasteric reflex, blue dot on scrotum

A

torsion of hyatid of Morgagni

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32
Q

Hyponatraemia and confusion following TURP

A

TURP syndrome

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33
Q

Solitary bleeding ulcer on tongue

A

SCC

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34
Q

Anaemia, jaundice, enlarged spleen

A

hereditary spherocytosis

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35
Q

Breast lump following trauma

A

Fat necrosis

36
Q

Clear/blood stained discharge from breast

A

Intraductal papilloma

37
Q

Tender, fluctuant breast mass

A

Breast abscess

38
Q

Thick, green breast discharge, smoker

A

Duct ectasia

39
Q

Local thrombophlebitis of breast vein

A

Mondor’s disease of the breadt

40
Q

40-50s, painless mobile breast lump >3cm, rapid increase in size

A

Phyllodes tumour

41
Q

Nipple discharge, gynaecomastia + poor vision

A

Prolactinoma

42
Q

Ipsilateral loss of position, light touch and vibration, contralateral loss of pain and temperature

A

Brown-Sequard syndrome

43
Q

Young child, colicky abdo pain, vomiting, redcurrant jelly stool, sausage shaped mass

A

intussusception

44
Q

Projectile non bilious vomiting in first 4-6 weeks

A

pyloric stenosis

45
Q

Delayed passage of meconium and abdo distension

A

Hirschprung’s disease

46
Q

<4 years, abdominal mass and haematuria

A

Wilm’s tumour

47
Q

<12 years, limp, hip pain, boy

A

Perthes disease

48
Q

Baby with episodes of cyanosis during feeding

A

choanal atresia

49
Q

Child with neck swelling posterior triangle, soft and transilluminates

A

cystic hygroma

50
Q

Anterior triangle neck lump, midline, moves on tongue protrusion

A

Thyroglossal cyst

51
Q

Child with neck lump anterior to SCM near angle of mandible

A

Branchial cyst

52
Q

Child with midline cystic mass around level of carina

A

Bronchogenic cyst

53
Q

Multiple lesions over face and trunk, greasy scale

A

Seborrhoeic keratosis

54
Q

Rash, urinary frequency, haematuria, bladder calcification, recent travel abroad

A

Schistosoma haematobium

55
Q

Hyponatraemia, fluid overload, glycine toxicity

A

TUR syndrome

56
Q

Pregnancy and frank haematuria

A

Placenta percreta

57
Q

Hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity following surgery

A

malignant hyperthermia

58
Q

Low TSH high T4

A

thyrotoxicosis

59
Q

High TSH low T4

A

primary hypothyroidism

60
Q

Low TSH low T4

A

secondary hypothyroidism

61
Q

Hospital inpatient, unwell, low/normal TSH, low T4

A

Sick euthyroid syndrome

62
Q

High TSH, normal/high T4

A

Poor thyroxine compliance

63
Q

Bilateral SNHL + goitre + hypothyroidism

A

Pendred’s syndrome

64
Q

Hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, hypoglycaemia, hypotension

A

Addisonian crisis

65
Q

Tender goitre, hyperthyroidism, raised ESR

A

subacute thyroiditis

66
Q

Solitary dermal nodule occurring after trauma

A

Dermatofibroma

67
Q

Ulcerated lesion with raised pearly edges at sun exposed site

A

BCC

68
Q

Child with mass over long bone

A

Ewing’s sarcoma

69
Q

Lower back pain, abdominal fullness, hypertension, medially displaced ureters, peri/para aortic mass

A

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

70
Q

Abdo pain, previous intussusception surgery, brown spots around mouth feet and hands

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

71
Q

Claudication of buttocks + thighs, atrophy of leg musculature, impotence

A

Leriche syndrome

72
Q

Viral illness, retinitis, 6 weeks post transplantation

A

CMV

73
Q

Viral illness > 6 months post transplantation

A

EBV

74
Q

FOOSH #

A

Colle’s #

75
Q

Falling backwards onto palm of outstretched hand/with wrists flexed #

A

Smiths’ #

76
Q

Fist fights #

A

Bennet’s #

77
Q

FOOSH with forced pronation

A

Monteggia’s #

78
Q

Fall onto extended and pronated wrist #

A

Barton’s #

79
Q

Teenage girl with knee pain on walking down the stairs

A

chondromalacia patellae

80
Q

Pain in medial proximal tibia, negative McMurray’s test

A

pes anserinus bursitis

81
Q

Arthritis, splenomegaly and neutropenia

A

Felty’s syndrome

82
Q

Recent travel + swimming, stool floats in water

A

Giardia lamblia

83
Q

Eye down and out

A

CN III palsy

84
Q

Painful 3rd nerve palsy

A

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

85
Q

vertical diplopia

A

4th nerve palsy

86
Q

high AFP + chronic liver inflammation

A

HCC

MRCS PART A (18 decks)

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