rhinitis

Question 1

divided into

Answer 1

infective and non-infective

Question 2

non-infective is further divided into

Answer 2

allergic and non-allergic

Question 3

allergic can be

Answer 3

intermittent or persistent

Question 4

non-allergic can be

Answer 4

nasal polyps or vasomotor rhinitis

Question 5

causes of intermittent allergic rhinitis

Answer 5

• grass pollen
• tree pollen
• fungal spores

Question 6

intermittent rhinitis

Answer 6

is symptoms for less than 4 days of a week or symptoms lasting less than 4 weeks

Question 7

persistent rhinitis causes

Answer 7

• house dust mite
• cats
• dogs

Question 8

persistent rhinitis

Answer 8

is symptoms for more than 4 days of a week and symptoms for longer than 4 weeks

Question 9

mild rhinitis

Answer 9

does not impact sleep or normal daily activities and there are no troublesome symptoms

Question 10

moderate/ severe rhinitis

Answer 10

one or more of the following: impacts sleep or daily activities or is accompanied by troublesome symptoms

Question 11

investigation of allergic rhinitis

Answer 11

skin prick test

Question 12

management of allergic rhinitis

Answer 12

• allergen avoidance
• intra-nasal anti-histamine (azelastine)
• intra-nasal corticosteroids (beclomethasone)
• last line is immunotherapy

Question 13

symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Answer 13

• sneezing
• rhinorrhoea
• itchy nose
• usually associated with allergic conjunctivitis

Question 14

nasal polyps

Answer 14

benign swelling within the nasal cavity

Question 15

nasal polyps are commonly associated with

Answer 15

non-allergic asthma, aspirin sensitivity and cystic fibrosis

Question 16

symptoms of nasal polyps

Answer 16

blocked, nose, runny nose and sneezing

Question 17

treatment of nasal polyps

Answer 17

oral steroids and then topical steroids, if this fails then can be surgically excised

Question 18

acute infective rhino sinusitis

Answer 18

nearly always caused by viral infections

Question 19

diagnosis of acute rhino sinusitis

Answer 19

must have all 3 symptoms:

• facial pain
• nasal blockage
• discharge

Question 20

management of acute rhino sinusitis

Answer 20

analgesia and degongestatns (oral psuedoephedrine)

Question 21

treatment of vasomotor rhinitis

Answer 21

topical anti-cholinergic (ipratropium)

Question 22

unilateral discharge

Answer 22

• in a child suggest a foreign body and requires urgent referral
• in an adult suggests nasal or paranasal tumour and requires urgent referral