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ENT COPY > ENT PASSMEDICINE QUESTIONS > Flashcards

ENT PASSMEDICINE QUESTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

What is a suitable alternative to the centor score when deciding whether a patient requires antibiotic therapy?

A

FEVER PAIN

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2
Q

Where can a large cholesteatoma invade into?

A

A large cholesteatoma can invade into the inner ear causing sensorineural hearing loss and vertigo

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3
Q

How can a nasopharyngeal carcinoma present?

A

A nasopharyngeal carcinoma can present very weirdly with:

  • Nasal discharge/ obstruction.
  • Epistaxis.
  • Cervical lymphadenoapthy.
  • Otalgia
  • Unilateral serous otitis media
  • Cranial Nerve Palsies (III - VI)
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4
Q

How do you diagnose a nasopharyngeal carcinoma?

A

combined CT and MRI

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5
Q

Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

radiotherapy

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6
Q

how long should antibiotics be used for in tonsillitis caused by GAS

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days

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7
Q

how long should antibiotics be used for in acute otitis media

A

amoxicillin for 5 days

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8
Q

management of acute sinusitis

A
  • analgesia
  • intra-nasal degonsestants
  • antibiotics reserved for severe or deteriorating cases after 10 days
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9
Q

sialolithiasis most commonly forms in what duct

A

the submandibular duct

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10
Q

which duct drains the submandibular duct

A

whartons duct

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11
Q

which duct drains the parotid duct

A

stensens duct

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12
Q

features of sialolithiasis

A

colicky pain and post-prandial swelling of the duct

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13
Q

sialadenitis usually occurs as a results of

A

staph areas infection

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14
Q

submandibular tumours

A
  • 50% are malignant (usually adenoid cystic carcinoma)
  • imaging is with CT and MRI
  • diagnosis is with fine needle aspiration cytology
  • due to the high prevelnace of malignancy they all should be excised
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15
Q

drugggos causing ototoxicity

A

LOOPy GENT NeverSAID CCYLe

  • loop diuretics
  • gentamicin
  • NSAIDS
  • Cyclophosphamide
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16
Q

audiometry for presbycuisis shows

A

bilateral high frequency hearing loss§

17
Q

otosclerosis is inherited

A

autosomal dominantly

18
Q

otosclerosis is the replacement

A

of normal bone in the middle ear with abnormal spongy bone

19
Q

onset of otosclerosis is between

A

20-40 years

20
Q

features of otosclerosis

A
  • conductive hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • 10% have a flamingo tinge to tympanic membrane due to hyperaemia
21
Q

noise induced hearing loss

A
  • hearing loss is bilateral and typically worse between frequencies of 3000-6000 hertz
22
Q

vestibular shwannoma can

A

affect different nerve causing

  • cranial nerve VIII= hearing loss and vertigo
  • CN v= absent corneal reflex
  • CN VII= facial nerve palsy
23
Q

whats a common non-serious cause of hearing loss post head trauma

A

ruptured tympanic membrane

24
Q

whats is it important to rule out as a serious cause of hearing loss post head trauma

A

base of skull fracture which would cause a sensironeural hearing loss

25
Q

why are intra-nasal decongestant not used for long periods of time

A

an increasing dose is required to achieve the same affect each time (tachyphylaxis) and rebound nasal hypertrophy may occur on there withdrawal

26
Q

example of an intra-nasal decongestant

A

oxymetazoline

27
Q

myringitis bullosa

A

painful vesicles on the tympanic membrane secondary to mycoplasma or a viral upper respiratory tract infection

28
Q

indications for tonsillectomy has to meet all of this criteria

A
  • sore throats are caused by tonsillitis
  • person has 5 or more episodes in one year
  • symptoms of sore throat are disabling and prevent normal function
29
Q

other indications for tonsillectomy include

A
  • recurrent febrile convulsiones seccodnary to episodes of tonsillitis
  • obstructive sleep apnoea stridor or dyspagia secondary to episodes of tonsil
  • quinsy unresponsive to standard treatment
30
Q

complications of tonsillectomy

A

haemorrhage

31
Q

strongest predictor of acute otitis media on otoscope

A

bulging tympanic membrane, colour alone has a low predictive value as it can be red from coughing blowing the nose

32
Q

hearing loss in otosclerosis is exacerbated by what?

A

pregnancy

33
Q

in otosclerosis audiometry shows

A

a characteristic dip at 2000 hertz (charts notch)

34
Q

what else can cause caharts notch

A

superior semicircular canal dehiscence

35
Q

which drug may prevent recurrent of menieres disease

A

beta hasten

ENT COPY (12 decks)

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