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EDEXCEL GDR History COPY > 1.4d Why was the reunification of the GDR and FRG so rapid? > Flashcards

1.4d Why was the reunification of the GDR and FRG so rapid? Flashcards

1
Q

After the opening of the Berlin wall, how many people didn’t go to the West?

A

1 million

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2
Q

What 3 things did Krenz promise to try and keep people from leaving?

A
  • Party election
  • Media free from government control
  • Liberalisation of control on the economy
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3
Q

How was the SED politically removed?

A

The Volkskammer amended the constitution to end the SED’s leading role

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4
Q

How many days did Krenz last in office?

A

44 days

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5
Q

Which 2 opposition parties were there to the SED?

A

New Forum

Democracy Now

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6
Q

What were the names of the talks between opposition groups and Eastern Bloc countries

A

Round Table talks

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7
Q

Why was the ‘Round Table’ originally set up?

A

To promote internal GDR reform such as the dissolution of the Stasi

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8
Q

What did ‘New Forum’ and ‘Democracy Now’ want?

A

A democratic GDR to exist alongside the FRG

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9
Q

Who was the final leader of the SED and the successor of Krenz?

A

Hans Modrow

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10
Q

What was the SED renamed to?

A

The SED-PDS, then just the PDS

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11
Q

What did Modrow have a reputation for?

A

Being reformist

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12
Q

Modrow was who’s preferred choice of leader?

A

Gorbcahov

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13
Q

What 2 key government departments were removed under Modrow?

A

Politburo & Central Committee

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14
Q

What replaced the Politburo & Central Committee?

A

The ‘Council of Ministers’

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15
Q

Who did the ‘Council of Ministers’ include?

A

Members of opposition groups such as the ‘Round Table’

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16
Q

What 2 things did Modrow announce to try to make people stay?

A
  • Free elections

- Economic reform

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17
Q

In January 1990, how many people left for the West?

A

70,000

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18
Q

Why was there no fear of SED clampdown on people leaving?

A

Due to the economic turmoil they were in from people leaving

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19
Q

What event occurred in 1989, showing the declining support for an independent nation?

A

A concern at Brandenburg Gate where ‘Ole to Freedom’ was sang

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20
Q

What happened at the Stasi HQ in Berlin after the collapse of the SED?

A

Stasi officers were caught destroying records as protestors tried to salvage incriminating files

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21
Q

What was done to elections in order to try and stem some of the strikes and emigration in 1990?

A

May elections brought forward to March

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22
Q

In 1990, how did the stance of the ‘Round Table’ change?

A

They began to call for a more gradual reunification

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23
Q

Which 3 groups joined together to form a political party?

A

New Forum
Democracy Now
IFM

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24
Q

What was the political party created when New Forum, Democracy Now and IFM joined together?

A

Alliance 90

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25
Q

Which political party supported the fastest reunification?

A

CDU - Christian Democratic Union

26
Q

The March 1990 elections were the first truly democratic elections for __ years

A

60 years

27
Q

Which political parties were most popular in the 1990 elections?

A

Those who called for the fastest reunifcation

28
Q

Who won the March 1990 elections?

A

‘Alliance for Germany’

29
Q

The results of the 1990 elections:

  • Alliance for Germany - __%
  • SPD - __%
  • PDS - __%
  • Alliance 90 - _%
A

The results of the 1990 elections:

  • Alliance for Germany - 48%
  • SPD - 22%
  • PDS - 16%
  • Alliance 90 - 3%
30
Q

Who became Prime Minister and what was his previous position?

A

Lother de Maiziere - leader of the CDU

31
Q

Why were the CDU so attractive to voters?

A

Because of the intervention of FRG Chancellor Helmut Kohl

32
Q

What had to take place in the GDR’s economy before they could reunify?

A

The GDR’s economy had to be stabilised

33
Q

What did Kohl do concerning the differing currencies of the FRG and GDR?

A

Did a 1-to-1 replacement of the GDR’s DM

34
Q

Why was Kohl able to do a 1-to-1 replacement of the DM?

A

Due to the FRG’s economic boom after WW2

35
Q

What was the effect of the 1-to-1 replacement of the DM?

A

Western goods flooded the East while their own goods didn’t sell due to the removal of government subsidies

36
Q

How many farmers protested about the ending of government subsidies at the reunification?

A

250,000

37
Q

What did the economic collapse cause people to think, rather oddly?

A

That reunification needed to be sped up

38
Q

On what day was the reunification treaty signed?

A

August 31st

39
Q

What was the formal text of the treaty to say reunification had happened?

A

The Lander of the GDR would become Lander of the FRG

40
Q

For legitimising the reunification, which countries had to agree?

A

France
Britain
USA
USSR

41
Q

What did the two-plus-four treaty do?

A

Renounced all of France, Russia, Britain and the USA’s rights in Germany

42
Q

What 2 things did the two-plus-four treaty also do?

A
  • Solved the border disagreement with poland

- Allowed Germany to continue its NATO membership

43
Q

What was the catch for Germany being able to continue its NATO membership?

A

NATO soldiers would not be positioned on GDR soil

44
Q

What limits were put on the military from the two-plus-four treaty?

A
  • Ban on nuclear weapons
45
Q

What was Margaret Thatcher’s opinion on reunification?

A

She had reservations about it because of the power it would give Germany in Central Europe

46
Q

What were Thatcher’s concerns regarding Gorbachov?

A

Saw danger in undermining Gorbachov when he was going through his own economic crisis

47
Q

What was George Bush’s opinion on reunification?

A

Very much in support

48
Q

What did Reagan say in 1987 in a famous speech?

A

roared at the USSR to “tear down this wall”

49
Q

What did the USA’s support for reunification do to Britain’s reservations?

A

Rendered them obsolete

50
Q

Why did Bush support German reunification?

A

He saw that reunification along with the end of the Cold War would cut his defence spending

51
Q

What was the thing that Gorbachov needed before supporting reunification?

A

The reduction of Cold War hostility

52
Q

What did Kohl agree to do to gain USSR support for reunification?

A

Fund the removal of USSR soldiers from the GDR and pay 12 billion DM to resettle them

53
Q

What concerned Kohl about reunification?

A

The mass movement of people from East to West

54
Q

What method did Kohl use to try and keep people in the West?

A

Monetary assistance

55
Q

What plan did Kohl put forward to achieve reunification?

A

Ten-Point-Plan

56
Q

What did Kohl’s Ten-Point-Plan propose?

A

A federal system for the whole of Germany

57
Q

What was the timescale for the Ten-Point-Plan?

A

10 years

58
Q

What encouraged Kohl that reunification needed to be done even sooner?

A

He visited the GDR and received an ecstatic reception

59
Q

Kohl rejected Modrow’s proposition to…

A

have Germany as a militarily neutral state because they would have to withdraw from NATO

60
Q

What did Kohl provide that gave much support to ‘Alliance of Germany’ in the 1990 elections?

A

Hope

61
Q

What was it that Kohl generally did that achieved his success?

A
  • Took advantage of his opportunities

- Had a lot of luck

62
Q

How can public approval for Kohl be seen after reunification?

A

His CDU won the election with 44% of the vote

EDEXCEL GDR History COPY (17 decks)

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