Pharmacokinetics

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

what the body does to a drug (ADME)

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

what the drug does to the body

Question 3

A drug that exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics will display which of the following properties?

Answer 3

A non-linear relationship between dose and serum level at very high concentrations

Question 4

When a drug is administered intravenously, which of the following steps does not occur?

Answer 4

Absorption

Question 5

Reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation are what type of metabolic reactions?

Answer 5

Phase I

Question 6

Approximately how many half-lives are required to reach steady-state (assuming a one-compartment model and no loading dose)?

Answer 6

5

Question 7

Before a drug can be absorbed through the GI tract, which of the following must have taken place to the compound?

Answer 7

the drug must be dissolved in the gut solution

Question 8

Choose the pharmacokinetic term used to describe the process by which the body rids itself of drugs or metabolites either through the kidneys or back into the gut.

Answer 8

Excretion

Question 9

Which drugs exhibit Michaelis-Menten kinetics?

Answer 9

Phenytoin, theophylline, voriconazole

Question 10

A patient is participating in a PK trial. She received 1 gram of an investigational drug at 1800. Serum drug concentrations are drawn hourly for 24 hours. At the conclusion of the trial, the investigator determines that 15% of the drug remaining was removed per hour for all time points measured. Which of the following is true?

Answer 10

This drug demonstrated first-order kinetics over the range of concentrations studied

Question 11

The process by which the body breaks down drugs into compounds that can be more readily eliminated is called:

Answer 11

Metabolism

Question 12

Choose the pharmacokinetic term used to describe how the drug moves from the site of administration into the circulation?

Answer 12

Absorption. If a drug is given extravascularly, drug absorption occurs as the drug moves from the site of administration to the bloodstream. Ex. oral, SL, buccal, IM, SQ, transdermal, inhaled, topical, ocular, intraocular, intrathecal, and rectal

Question 13

Bioavailability is…

Answer 13

the extent to which a drug is absorbed into the system circulation

Question 14

Which methods can be used to increase the dissolution rate of a tablet?

Answer 14

Reduce particle diameter (increases surface area).

Question 15

Drugs with very small particle diameters are referred to as…

Answer 15

micronized

Question 16

The rate of dissolution is described by the…

Answer 16

Noyes-Whitney equation; dc/dt= kA* (Cs-Cb)

Question 17

Choose the pharmacokinetic term used to describe the dispersion or passage of a drug throughout the body.

Answer 17

Distribution (movement of drug molecules from circulation to the tissues and organs)

Question 18

Choose the pharmacokinetic term used to describe oral formulations breaking up into smaller pieces in the gut.

Answer 18

Disintegration

Question 19

Which factors are associated with an increased volume of distribution?

Answer 19

size (lower molecular weight), unionized, lipophilic, and low protein binding

Question 20

What is the primary pathway of drug degradation in the gut?

Answer 20

Hydrolysis

Question 21

A drug that exhibits first-order kinetics will display which of the following properties at steady state?

Answer 21

A linear relationship between dose and serum level