Vascular Plants- no seeds, no flowers (Plants)

Question 1

survival

Answer 1

better able to survive than non-vascular because they can grow taller and access resources like light better

Question 2

moving away from water

Answer 2

require vascular tissue

Question 3

development of vascular tissue

Answer 3

most important structural advances in evolution of plants

Question 4

horsetails

Answer 4

earliest plant to develop vascular tissue

Question 5

carboniferous period

Answer 5

equisetem (horsetail/scouring brushes) were main vegetation on earth
grew up to 15 meters tall
now used as fossil fuels

Question 6

no seed, no flowers vascular plants

Answer 6

less significant now
around 20 species
found in swampy places
2 types of stem: sterile and spore producing
medicinal uses: home remedy for kidney and bladder diseases
polish furniture and wood floors

Question 7

sterile stem

Answer 7

photosynthetic
lives through growing season
very small leaves arranged in whorls around joined nodes of stem
extensive system of rhizomes
stems are hollow and joined
many types of tissue in stems
no longer has pith- has a central canal surrounded by vascular tissue
vascular tissue bundle- 2 bundles of phloem sandwiching not well developed xylem
vascular canals contain sap that stores materials
endodermis surrounds vascular tissue

Question 8

spore producing stem

Answer 8

don't live very long
no chlorophyll
produces spores in April or May
spores located in small cones at tope of stem
spores fall onto ground and germinate
produce male and female sex cells

Question 9

fern sporophyte

Answer 9

dominant phase
vegetative structure made up of rhizome, fronds and vascular tissue
recognizable to people

Question 10

sori

Answer 10

structures under frond leaves containing haploid spores

Question 11

fern gametophyte generation

Answer 11

bisexual
produce gametes in antheridia and archegonia
sperm swim to eggs- still highly reliant on water