ch.27

Question 1

The term for various areas in the body with different fluid composition

Answer 1

fluid compartments

Question 2

Two sources of body water

Answer 2

preformed (ingested) and metabolic

Question 3

Part of the brain where the thirst center is located

Answer 3

hypothalamus

Question 4

Percent of total body water that is intracellular fluid

Answer 4

65%

Question 5

The term for tissue (interstitial) fluid, plus plasma & lymph, plus transcellular fluids

Answer 5

extracellular fluid

Question 6

Stimulating this is the only way to actually increase body water; all other regulatory mechanism can at best only reduce the loss of water

Answer 6

thirst center (and drinking)

Question 7

Loss of water and salts, proportionately (such as with hemorrhage).

Answer 7

hypovolemia

Question 8

Loss of water but not salts; body fluids become more concentrated

Answer 8

dehydration

Question 9

excess water intake, dilutes body fluids resulting in hyponatremia

Answer 9

hypotonic hydration (water intoxication)

Question 10

A problem in which total body fluid might be normal, but blood volume is too low - from edema commonly, as in anaphylactic shock

Answer 10

fluid sequestration

Question 11

This is the most abundant cation in the ICF

Answer 11

K ions

Question 12

This is the most abundant cation in the ECF.

Answer 12

Na ions

Question 13

Excess sodium in blood

Answer 13

hypernatremia

Question 14

Although low in both ECF and ICF, calcium is higher in the …

Answer 14

ECF

Question 15

Phosphate is higher in (ICF or ECF)

Answer 15

ICF

Question 16

High blood potassium level, can alter cell polarity and excitability - even stop the heart.

Answer 16

hyperkalemia

Question 17

This ion, whether in excess or deficiency, can be associated with making nerve and muscle cells less excitable.

Answer 17

potassium

Question 18

Deficiency of calcium, can cause tetany

Answer 18

hypocalcemia

Question 19

In an ionic molecule, if the cation is hydrogen, the molecule is a(n) _____.

Answer 19

acid

Question 20

In an ionic molecule, if the cation is anything but hydrogen, the molecule is a(n) _____.

Answer 20

salt

Question 21

This ICF cation can be shifted with pH imbalances; acidosis shifts it out of cells, and alkalosis shifts it into cells.

Answer 21

potassium

Question 22

The fast, deep breathing of someone with metabolic acidosis.

Answer 22

Kussmaul respiration