Pathophys final review part 2

Question 1

The half life of PTH is

Answer 1

4 minutes

Question 2

Hyperparathyroidism is classified as

Answer 2

primary (parathyroid gland destruction) or secondary

Question 3

Acute hypoglycemia can present with

Answer 3

stridor, laryngospasm, & apnea

Question 4

Parathyroid hormone surgery utilizes

Answer 4

NIMs tube, gel head ring, & extra peripheral IV for blood sampling

Question 5

Exogenous ______ is converted in the gut

Answer 5

iodide

Question 6

The half life to T3 is

Answer 6

1-3 days

Question 7

A _________ loop exists for the thyroid

Answer 7

negative feedback loop

Question 8

The differential diagnosis for thyroid storm can include

Answer 8

MH crisis or hypermetabolic picture or pheo

Question 9

Uncontrolled hypothyroidism can result in

Answer 9

myxedema coma

Question 10

Unilateral damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve causes

Answer 10

hoarseness

Question 11

This induction agent is avoided in Addison’s disease.

Answer 11

etomidate due to transient adrenal suppression

Question 12

The anterior pituitary secretes

Answer 12

growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, & prolactin

Question 13

Acromegaly may present with

Answer 13

a difficult airway

Question 14

Increased secretion of growth hormone after adolescence is known as

Answer 14

acromegaly

Question 15

Treatment for diabetes insipidus may include

Answer 15

DDAVP

Question 16

Cystic fibrosis results in

Answer 16

defective chloride ion transport, people die from chronic pulmonary infection, viscous secretions
avoid anticholinergics

Question 17

Describe metabolic syndrome

Answer 17

DMII, insulin resistance, HTN, visceral obesity, high triglycerides

Question 18

Kidneys receive______ of the total CO

Answer 18

15-25%

Question 19

Kidneys autoregulate blood pressure between

Answer 19

60-160 mmHg

Question 20

Contrast induced neuropathy is the result of

Answer 20

iodinated dye

Question 21

Describe the stages of chronic renal failure.

Answer 21

decreased renal reserve: asymptomatic until <40% of normal nephron remain
renal insufficiency: 10-40% of functioning nephrons remain; compensated, little reserve
ESRD: >95% of nephrons are nonfunctioning

Question 22

The EKG in hyperkalemia will demonstrate

Answer 22

peaked T waves

Question 23

______ is the opioid of choice in CKD

Answer 23

fentanyl

Question 24

The following drugs should be avoided in CKD:

Answer 24

ketorolac, morphine, & gabapentin

Question 25

The duration of action of muscle relaxants ______ in CKD

Answer 25

may be prolonged

Question 26

Sugammedex is excreted

Answer 26

via the kidney

Question 27

The fluid of choice for patients with AKI or CKD is

Answer 27

albumin

Question 28

The perioperative goal of hyperglycemia is to maintain blood glucose levels below

Answer 28

180 mg/dL

Question 29

Patients with long-standing diabetes are at increased risk for

Answer 29

aspiration due to gastroparesis

Question 30

A pituitary tumor can cause

Answer 30

blindness due to its location putting pressure on the optic chiasm

Question 31

Cushing’s disease is the

Answer 31

excessive cortisol secretion

-can result in sudden weight gain, moon face, electrolyte abnormalities, systemic hypertension

Question 32

Conn’s disease is

Answer 32

secondary hyperaldosteronism
excess secretion of aldosterone from a functional tumor
may see systemic hypertension that is resistant to treatment & hypokalemia

Question 33

Addison’s disease is

Answer 33

primary renal insufficiency

deficiency of all adrenal cortex secretions including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, & androgens

Question 34

Hypoaldosteronism is

Answer 34

a congenital deficiency that involves hyporeninemia

results in hyperkalemic acidosis, severe hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, & myocardial conduction defects

Question 35

Pheochromocytoma is a

Answer 35

catecholamine secreting tumor with norepi>epi

Question 36

Type 1 vs. type 2 DM

Answer 36

type 1 is caused by T cell mediated autoimmune destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
-DKA is most associated with type 1 diabetes
type 2 DM is caused by insulin resistance & beta cell insufficiency

Question 37

Describe DKA vs. HHS.

Answer 37

DKA- increased ketones- polyuria, dyspnea, N/V

HHS- polyuria, polydipsia, confusion, lethargy

Question 38

Insulinoma is a

Answer 38

benign pancreatic tumor that is diagnosed by Whipple’s triad: hypoglycemia with fasting, glucose of less than 50 with symptoms, relief of symptoms with administration of glucose

Question 39

Diabetes insipidus vs. SIADH

Answer 39

DI: polyuria, inability to concentrate urine, tx. include DDAVP
SIADH: syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone- water intoxication, dilutional hyponatremia, brain edema
may be the result of neoplasms of the lung

Question 40

Renal cell carcinoma is

Answer 40

the most common renal malignancy

classic triad presentation of hematuria, flank pain, & renal mass

Question 41

Renal dysplasia is

Answer 41

the malformation of the tubules during fetal development
kidney consists of irregular cysts of varying sizes
may also have ureteropelvic junction obstruction & vesicoureteral reflex

Question 42

Polycystic kidney disease is

Answer 42

massive enlargement of the kidneys with compromised renal function- cysts can also occur on other organs
can result in hemorrhage, rupture, or infection

Question 43

Wilm’s tumor is

Answer 43

most common malignant renal tumor in children

has capacity for rapid growth

Question 44

Describe prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal.

Answer 44

Pre-renal hypoperfusion or hypovolemia that impair kidney perfusion
intrinsic- renal or acute tubular necrosis as a result of tissue damage can be nephrotoxic injury like drugs or infection
post-renal- obstruction, surgical ligation, or edema