Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOC192 > Lecture 15: HOW DO GENES MAKE A CELL? > Flashcards

Lecture 15: HOW DO GENES MAKE A CELL? Flashcards

1
Q

What is there within an individual?

A

Many different cell types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What must each cell do?

A

Respond to the environment, make and break molecules, generate energy and maintain itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are cells?

A

Very organised structures which contain different organelles. Dynamic and many different roles within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much of a typical human cell is protein?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much of a typical human cell is lipids?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How much of a typical human cell is carbohydrates?

A

10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do building blocks of cells come from?

A

Plants (O2, CO2, light energy, water, minerals/nutrients in soil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the building blocks of cells?

A

Carbon chains, sugars, amino acids, sugar and base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do carbon chains form?

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do sugars form?

A

Complex carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do amino acids form?

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do sugar and bases form?

A

Nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the supramolecular assemblies?

A

Membranes, ribosomes and chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the organelles?

A

Nucleus, Golgi, ER and mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is needed for glycolysis?

A

All enzymes needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the order of the central dogma?

A

DNA > transcription > RNA > Translation > protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is the central dogma regulated?

A

Transcription control, RNA processing and stability, translation control, protein processing, protein activity and stability

19
Q

What does transcription control determines?

A

When and in what cells a gene is transcribed to produce mRNA

20
Q

What is the first step in determining how many individual proteins are produced in a cell?

A

Transcription control

21
Q

What does every cell have?

A

The same DNA and the same approximately 21,000 protein coding genes

22
Q

How many genes are expressed in any cell type?

A

About 11,000 to 17,000

23
Q

How many genes are expressed in all cells and needed for cellular function?

A

10,000

24
Q

How many genes are unique to a specific cell type?

A

About 1,000 to 2,000

25
Q

What do the unique genes do?

A

Make one cell type different from another

26
Q

What is done with the rest of the genes?

A

They are expressed in some but not all cell types

27
Q

What is transcription?

A

The process where a DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) into an RNA molecule

28
Q

What happens to a gene when it is transcribed?

A

It is ‘turned on’ or ‘expressed’

29
Q

Transcription is a …

A

key control point

30
Q

How is transcription a key control point?

A

If a gene is transcribed, it can be used to make a protein and if a gens is not transcribed in a cell, it can’t be used to make a protein

31
Q

How many base pairs do we have?

A

3,200,000,000

32
Q

What are transcription factors?

A

Proteins that bind to a specific DNA sequence and control the rate of transcription (DNA to RNA)

33
Q

What are the key elements of a gene?

A

The regulatory/promotor region and the transcribed region

34
Q

Where is the regulatory/promoter region?

A

around 1000 to 2000 base pairs found before the start codon

35
Q

What is the regulatory/promoter region?

A

The DNA sequence at which transcription factors bind and recruit RNA polymerase

36
Q

What does the regulatory/promoter region determine?

A

How much a gene is transcribed

37
Q

What does the regulatory/promoter region contain?

A

Short sequences that transcription factors bind to

38
Q

What is the transcribed region?

A

Sequences of DNA that are copied into RNA (transcribed)

39
Q

What is done with the transcribed RNA (pre-mRNA)?

A

It is processed so that it can be translated (intron sequences are removed by splicing)

40
Q

When is a gene expressed?

A

When activator transcription factors are present and repressor transcription factors are absent

41
Q

What do transcription factors do?

A

Bind to the promoter region and recruit RNA polymerase

42
Q

What does having multiple transcription factors do?

A

Give precise control

43
Q

What must cells be able to do?

A

Respond to the conditions outside the cell

44
Q

How do the cells respond to conditions outside the cell?

A

By signalling molecules outside the cell binding to receptors on/in the cell and causing a change in activity of proteins inside the cell (signal transduction)

BIOC192 (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions