acid-base equilibrium

Question 1

what is an arrhenius acid?

Answer 1

an acid that dissociates in water to form protons

Question 2

what is a bronsted-lowry acid

Answer 2

a substance that donates hydrogen ions during a chemical reaction.

Question 3

what is a bronsted-lowry base?

Answer 3

a substance that accepts protons

Question 4

what is a lewis acid-base reaction?

Answer 4

a chemical reaction that forms at least one covalent bond between an electron pair donoR A+ + B- –> A-B

Question 5

When does the bronsted-lowry theory not work?

Answer 5

when applying it to reactions involving gases and solids and complex ions are created

Question 6

is water considered to be a nonelectrolyte?

Answer 6

yes

Question 7

how do you calculate ph?

Answer 7

pH = -log[h+]

Question 8

What are polyprotic acids?

Answer 8

an acid that can donate more than one hydrogen atom in an aqueous solution.

Question 9

Examples of buffers?

Answer 9

citric acid, acetic acid

Question 10

a buffer is an aqueous solution used to keep the pH of a solution ______

Answer 10

nearly constant

Question 11

a buffer consists of a ___

Answer 11

weak acid and its conjugative base or a weak base and its conjusgative acid

Question 12

buffer capacity is

Answer 12

the amount of acid or base that can be added before the pH of a buffer changes.

Question 13

what acts as a buffer solution in blood

Answer 13

bicarbonate

Question 14

titration is ___

Answer 14

a technique used in analytical chemistry to determine the concentration of an unknown base or acid

Question 15

basic aspects of thermodynamics

Answer 15

internal energy of a substance is the total energy present in the particular quantity of that substance.

Question 16

first law of thermodynamics?

Answer 16

the total energy of a system and its surroundings remain constant.

Question 17

second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 17

the change in enthalpy of a reaction is represented as shown below.

Question 18

at the end of the reaction, if energy has been given out the reaction is ___

Answer 18

exothermic

Question 19

change in H <0 means what kind of reaction?

Answer 19

exothermic

Question 20

in an endothermic reaction change in H is greater than zero, because the energy of the reactants is ___ than the energy of the products

Answer 20

less

Question 21

equation for change in H? enthalpy

Answer 21

Eproducts - Ereactants

Question 22

Hess’s law?

Answer 22

States that the enthalpy change for a chemical reaction is the same, whatever route is taken from reactants to products.

Question 23

How can you write the rate of the chemical reaction?

Answer 23

Rate constant (k) = Rate / ([A]^a[B]^a)