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Mycology > Lab Diagnosis > Flashcards

Lab Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

Reagent used to demonstrate FUNGAL HYPHAE

A

10% KOH

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2
Q

Purpose of gentle heating using 10% KOH

A

Increase rate of clearing

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3
Q

Most commonly used test/reagent in the Laboratory

A

Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB)/Aman’s Medium

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4
Q

Lactophenol Cotton Blue. Give the Components and its purpose for each

A

Lactic acid - preserves fungal structure
Phenol - killing agent
Aniline Blue - staining fungal structures

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5
Q

Reagent used for Negative Staining

A

KOH with Fountain Pink

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6
Q

True or False. Negative Staining Result
Pink - Fungal Structures
Colorless - Fungal Organism

A

False.
Pink - Fungal Organism
Colorless - Fungal Structures

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7
Q

Test used to detect infection of the hair or scalp, which organisms glow that would help locate the infected area

A

Wood Lamp Illumination Method

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8
Q

Detects Candida Infection/Thrush

A

Saliva/Spit Test

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9
Q

Positive Result in Saliva Test

A

Strings of the saliva resembling a jellyfish and a cloudy saliva at the bottom of glass with cloudy specs.

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10
Q

Result of India Ink Method

A

Positive: Fungal organism take up the stain in a dark background and transparent capsule surrounding the organism.

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11
Q

Frequently added component in culture media

A

Chloramphenicol - inhibits growth of bacteria

Cycloheximide - inhibits growth of saprophytic fungi.

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12
Q

This allows growth of fastidious dimorphic fungi

A

5-10% SRBCs

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13
Q

General medium for isolation of Fungi

A

SDA - Saborauds Dextrose Agar

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14
Q

Screening Medium for Dermatophytes

A

DTM - Dermatophytes Test Medium

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15
Q

Positive Result in DTM

A

Red color change from Amber

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16
Q

Indicator used in DTM

A

Phenol Red

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17
Q

Culture media to recover Blastomyces and Hiostoplasma

A

Sauboraud BHI

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18
Q

BHIA

A

used to recover DIMORPHIC fungi

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19
Q

Added agent in SDA to enhance growth recovery of dermatophytes

A

Thiamine

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20
Q

Demonstrate Pigment production

A

PDA

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21
Q

Demonstrate for Chlamydospore production

A

Cornmeal Agar

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22
Q

Media used for presumptive identification of Candida species

A

Cornmeal Agar with Tween 80 & Trypan Blue

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23
Q

Used for differentiation of Aspergillus species

A

Czapek’s Agar

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24
Q

Birdseed Agar

A

Identification of Cryptococcus neoformans

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25
Q

Pigment produced by C. neoformans in Birdseed agar that indicates presence of Phenol oxidase

A

Brown Pigment

26
Q

True or False.
Rice Agar: Differentiates Trichophyton mentagrophytes from Trichophyton rubrum
Urease Agar/Test Medium: Differentiates Microsporum audonii and Microsporum canis.

A

False.
Urease Agar/Test Medium: Differentiates Trichophyton mentagrophytes from Trichophyton rubrum
Rice Agar: Differentiates Microsporum audonii and Microsporum canis.

27
Q

Result to Differentiate Tricophyton

A

Trycophyton mentagrophytes - Rapid utilization

Trycophytoin rubrum - Late utilization

28
Q

Result to Differentiate Microsporum

A

Microsporum audonii - Negative

Microsporum canis - Positive

29
Q

Standard method for Microslide Culture Technique

A

Ridell Culture Method

30
Q

Modified Ridell Method

A

Remel Culture Method

31
Q

This method contains two plastic molded blocks containing sporulating agar.

A

Remel Culture Method

32
Q

Incubation of Culture in Incubator

A

30C

33
Q

Incubation of Culture in Room Temp.

A

25C

34
Q

Maximum incubation period

A

4 weeks

35
Q

Incubation period for Candida Infections

A

5 days

36
Q

8 weeks

A

Incubation for Dimorphic fungi and before it is reported as negative

37
Q

A special test used for identification of Trycophyton mentagrohytes

A

Hair perforation Test

38
Q

Special test for identification of C. albicans

A

Germ Tube Test

39
Q

Specimen used in Germ Tube Test

A

Serum or Fetal Bovine serum

40
Q

Results in Germ Tube Test

A

Positive: Tube like Formation without constrictions ( C. albicans)
Negative: Budding cells/Pseudohyphae (C. tropicalis)

41
Q

Special Tests

A

Hair Perforation Test

Germ Tube Test

42
Q

Chemical Reaction Test

A

Levodopa Ferric Citrate Test
Rapid Urease Test
Rapid Nitrate Reduction Test

43
Q

Rapid identification for Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Levodopa-Ferric Citrate Test

44
Q

Enzyme present in C. neoformans

A

Phenol oxidase

45
Q

Positive Result for L-DOPA Ferric Citrate Test

A

Dark Pigmented Compound (Melanin)

46
Q

Positive Result in Rapid Urease Test

A

Pink-Red Color

47
Q

True or False. Urease test Result
C. neoformans - Negative
C. albicans - Positive

A

False.
C. neoformans - Positive
C. albicans - Negative

48
Q

Principle in Nitrate Reduction Test

A

Benzalkonium chloride is used to dissociate the cell wall to release nitrate reducatse and addition of N-naphthyl-ethylenediamine and sulfanilic acid

49
Q

Positive Result in Nitrate Reduction Tes

A

Red Color

50
Q

In nitrate Reduction Test, this is added when color didn’t appear after 10 minutes.

A

Zinc dust

51
Q

General Test for Cryptococcus

A

Nitrate Reduction Test

52
Q

A simultaneous ID and AST of yeasts for identification and antifungal susceptibility test containing 24 reaction wells

A

Yeast ID Test

53
Q

Interpretation in Yeast ID
Red - Yellow
Red - Orange
No Color Change

A

Red - Yellow: Growth of yeast
Red - Orange: Slow Growth of yeast
No Color Change: No growth

54
Q

Interpretation in Yeast AST
Red - Yellow
Red - Orange
No Color Change

A

Red - Yellow: Resistant
Red - Orange: Intermediate
No Color Change: Susceptible

55
Q

Chromogenic well that is a color based distinction for C. albicans and C. tropicalis

A

No.13 CHR

56
Q

True or False. Interpretation of No. 13 CHR
Green Color - C. tropicalis
Purple - C. albicans

A

False.
Green Color - C. albicans
Purple - C. tropicalis

57
Q

All of the following are examples of appropriate
specimens for the recovery of fungi except:
A. Tissue biopsy
B. CSF
C. Aspirate of exudate
D. Swab

A

A: D. Swab

Rationale: Generally, swabs are inadequate
for the recovery of fungi because they are easily
contaminated by surrounding skin flora

58
Q

For which clinical specimens is the KOH direct
mount technique for examination of fungal
elements used?
A. Skin
B. CSF
C. Blood
D. Bone marrow

A

A. Skin

Rationale. 10% KOH is used for contaminated
specimens such as skin, nail scrapings, hair, and
sputum to clear away background debris that may
resemble fungal elements

59
Q

The India ink stain is used as a presumptive test
for the presence of which organism?
A. Aspergillus niger in blood
B. Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF
C. Histoplasma capsulatum in CSF
D. Candida albicans in blood or body fluids

A

B. Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF

60
Q

What is the first step to be performed in the
identification of an unknown yeast isolate?
A. Gram stain smear
B. India ink stain
C. Catalase test
D. Germ tube test

A

D The true germ tube

61
Q

An isolate produced a constriction that was
interpreted as a positive germ tube, but Candida
albicans was ruled out when confirmatory tests
were performed. Which of the following fungi is
the most likely identification?
A. Candida tropicalis
B. Cryptococcus neoformans
C. Candida glabrata
D. Rhodotorula rubra

A

A. Candida tropicalis

Rationale. C. tropicalis forms pseudohyphae that resemble true germ tubes by producing a constriction at the point of origin of the yeast cell.

Mycology (7 decks)

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