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Neuro Rehab Test 1 > Week 1 High Yield > Flashcards

Week 1 High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

movement is a product of ___, ___, and ___

A

individual, task, and environment

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2
Q

what are individual attributes (constraints to movement) (3)

A
  1. sensory/perception (affector system)
  2. cognition (central processing system)
  3. motor/action (effector system)
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3
Q

what anatomy is responsible for sensing

A

peripheral receptors

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4
Q

what anatomy is responsible for perceiving

A

primary and secondary sensory cortices

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5
Q

what anatomy is responsible for interpreting

A

higher-level sensory processing centers in the PARIETAL, OCCIPITAL, and TEMPORAL lobes

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6
Q

what anatomy is responsible for conceptualization

A

prefrontal cortex, primarily

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7
Q

what anatomy is responsible for strategy/planning

A

supplemental motor cortices and BG/CB

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8
Q

what anatomy is responsible for activation

A

primary motor cortext, BG/CB

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9
Q

what anatomy is responsible for execution

A

motor neurons and muscles/joints

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10
Q

what are task attributes (constraints to movement) (5)

A
  1. discrete/continuous
  2. open/closed
  3. stability/mobility
  4. manipulation continuum
  5. attention continuum (dual/multitasking)
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11
Q

what are environmental attributes (constraints to movement)

A
  1. regulatory features
  2. non-regulatory features
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12
Q

what are regulatory features.

A

features that WILL impact movement forcing the person to conform

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13
Q

what are nonregulatory features

A

features that MAY impact movement but not necessarily forcing the person to conform

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14
Q

give an example of when you would choose a continuous over a discrete task

A

climbing stairs v step taps

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15
Q

give an example of when a non-regulatory feature of the environment would be an important consideration for your training

A

color of cup, lighting, loudness of environment

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16
Q

give 3 examples of how you might introduce inter-trial variation with a pt who has mastered sit to stand

A

height of chair, foam surface under feet, type of chair

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17
Q

what is the limitation of reflex theory

A

does not address volitional, purposeful movement

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18
Q

what is the neuromaturational and hierarchical theory

A

As the CNS develops, we are able to perform higher level function

19
Q

what is the limitation of the neuromaturational and hierarchical theory

A

doesn’t take into account the individual and suggests rehab/healing should follow a development-like course

20
Q

what is the motor programming theory and its limitation

A

the CNS houses a motor program that we develop to complete a task (such as writing your name) but does not take into account variables in environment and neuromusculature

21
Q
A
  1. reflex theory: B
  2. hierarchical theory: E
  3. motor programming theory: F
  4. systems theory: C
  5. dynamic systems theory: D
  6. ecological theory: A
22
Q

Goal directed behavior can be analyzed at three levels, what are they?

A
  1. action level (can the person do the movement)
  2. movement level (how do they do it - typical/atypical)
  3. neuromotor level (are there impairments that impact movement)
23
Q

what are the six stages of movement

A
  1. initial conditions (individual, environment, task)
  2. preparation (CNS organization of movement)
  3. initiation (timing direction smoothness)
  4. execution (amplitude direction speed and smoothness)
  5. termination (timing, stability, accuracy)
  6. outcome
24
Q

what are negative UMN signs? (3)

A

paresis, paralysis, and weakness

25
Q

what are positive UMN signs? (5)

A

loss of fractionated movement, abnormal movement/synergy patterns, co-contraction, hyperreflexia, and spasticity

26
Q

motor paths descending are divided into 3 groups, which are…

A

ventromedial path, lateral path, and cortical path

27
Q

what does the ventromedial path control?

A

axial movements (medial vestibulospinal tract, medial reticulospinal tract)

28
Q

what does the lateral path control

A

proximal, and some distal limb muscles (rubrospinal, lateral reticulospinal, and lateral vestibulospinal)

29
Q

what does the cortical path control

A

distal influence (lateral corticospinal tract)

30
Q

what are the three groups of the propriospinal neuron system of integrated intersegmental activity?

A
  1. long - medial motor neurons controlling axial muscles
  2. intermediate - proximal motor neurons
  3. short - only in Cx and Lx/Sx enlargements for distal motor neurons
31
Q

Distal impairments are often more profound than proximal, explain.

A

There is more CNS redundancy in neuromotor input to proximal than distal musculature

32
Q

How can there be bilateral motor involvement even with unilateral brain damage?

A

while most cross over, some fibers of descending motor pathways stay ipsilateral in the CNS

33
Q

spasticity may involve… (3)

A
  1. hyperactive stretch reflex (velocity dependent)
  2. abnormal cutaneous/SC reflex
  3. clonus
34
Q

describe decorticate and decerebrate posturing as it relates to anatomical problems

A

decorticate - lesion above RN: disinhibition of RN (increased activity)

decerebrate - lesion at/below RN: decreased represenation of RN

35
Q

cogwheel and leadpipe are terms used to describe what

A

rigidity of Parkinson’s patients

36
Q

BG is the key to initiating ______ generated movement… aka _______

A

internally; volitional

37
Q

CB is the key to initiating ______ generated movement

A

externally (response to stimulus or cue)

38
Q

in other words, describe ataxia, dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesia

A

ataxia = uncoordination

dysmetria = missing target

dysdiadochokinesia = unable to RAM

39
Q

what are 4 hyperkinetic movement disorders

A
  1. tremor
  2. chorea/athetosis
  3. ballismus (focal chorea)
  4. dystonia
40
Q

what is chorea? athetosis?

A
  • chorea: brief, irregular, jerky movements
  • athetosis: more sustained, writhing movement
41
Q

what is ballismus?

A

focal chorea (hemiballismus)

42
Q

what is dystonia?

A

excessive uncontrolled contractions resulting in abnormal mvoements and postures typically patterned and repetitive

43
Q

what are the two hypokinetic disorders

A

bradykinesia and akinesia

Neuro Rehab Test 1 (8 decks)

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