1.04 Use Of Force

Question 0

The U.S. Supreme Court in Graham v. Connor, acknowledged that the “____________” test in analyzing the use of force is “not capable of precise definition or mechanical application”.

Answer 0

Reasonableness test

Question 1

True or false?

The San Diego Police Department recognizes and respects the value of human life, having this as it’s highest priority.

Answer 1

True.

Question 2

What Penal Code section authorizes an officer to use reasonable force to make a lawful arrest, prevent an escape, or to overcome resistance.

Answer 2

Penal Code section 835a

Question 3

True or false?
Officers are not required to retreat or desist from their efforts by reason of resistance or threatened resistance of the person being arrested.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

What does this define?
Behavior that consists of a refusal to comply with verbal commands and conveys a threat to the officer or another person, or consists of physical opposition to attempts of control by the officer.

Answer 4

Active Resistance

Question 5

What does this define?

Behavior that complies with the officer’s verbal commands.

Answer 5

Compliant Behavior

Question 6

What does this define?

Force that creates a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily injury

Answer 6

Deadly Force

Question 7

What does this define?
Behavior that consists of aggressive physical opposition to being physically controlled and conveys a threat of attack conveyed through aggressive physical actions or aggressive physical actions coupled with verbal threats.

Answer 7

Assaultive Behavior

Question 8

True or false?

Verbal threats alone do not constitute Assaultive behavior.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or false?

Assaultive behavior can only be directed at the officers.

Answer 9

False. It can be directed at the officers or others.

Question 10

What does this define?
Levels of force that include close range strikes with an impact weapon. These strikes are designed to redirect or move a subject who fails to follow verbal commands. The amount of force used in delivering the strike should be reasonable given the circumstances. The intent of the technique is to move the subject backwards or to the side.

Answer 10

Crowd Control and Mobile Field Force Techniques

Question 11

What does this define?
A tactic used when encountering compliant behavior. Such control consists of the officer’s mere presence, requests, explanations and orders.

Answer 11

Verbal Control

Question 12

What does this define?
Behavior that consists of a refusal to comply with verbal commands and does not convey a threat to the officer or another person.

Answer 12

Passive Resistance

Question 13

What does this define?

Behavior likely to cause serious bodily injury or death.

Answer 13

Life-threatening Behavior

Question 14

What does this define?
The force needed to control a subject who engages in passive resistance. This level of force generally involves use of physical strength, pain compliance defense techniques, and control holds.

Answer 14

Lesser Controlling Force

Question 15

What does this define?
The force needed to control a subject who engages in active resistance. This level of force may involve the use of techniques such as takedowns, distractions techniques, chemical agents, and the carotid restraint.

Answer 15

Greater Controlling Force

Question 16

What does this define?

The act of gaining and/or maintaining control of a subject or situation.

Answer 16

Force

Question 17

What does this define?
Acts used to divert or redirect a subject’s focus away from resistive behavior in order to assist the officer in gaining control of the individual.

Answer 17

Distraction Techniques

Question 18

What does this define?
The force needed to stop Assaultive behavior against an officer or another person. This level of force generally involves impact strikes by the officer. Impact strikes can be delivered either by personal body weapons or impact weapons.

Answer 18

Defending Force

Question 19

True or false?
Due to the potential for serious injury, intentional strikes with an impact weapon are prohibited from being directed at the head, face or throat of the subject.

Answer 19

False.
They are prohibited unless the subject’s actions and behavior pose a threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or others.

Question 20

Should or shall?

Officers (should or shall?) maintain control of enforcement situations.

Answer 20

Should.

Question 21

Should or shall?
Officers who are not readily identifiable as police officers, whether on- or off-duty,(should or shall?) identify themselves as police officers , unless identification would jeopardize the safety of the officer or others.

Answer 21

Shall.

Question 22

True or false?
Officers may need to use a force option which is greater than the subject’s force level and which is reasonable under the circumstances.

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

Which level of the Force Matrix does this define?
Officers attempt to gain compliance by talking or otherwise communicating with the subject, explaining what the subject is to do and giving the subject the opportunity to comply with the officer’s demands.

Answer 23

First Level.

Question 24

Which level of the Force Matrix does this define? Officers defend themselves or others against a subject's assault, or threat of assault, with the use of defending force or lesser force options. Defending force includes strikes with hard impact and personal body weapons.

Answer 24

Fourth Level

Question 25

Which level of the force matrix does this define? Officers seek to control a subject's active resistance by using lesser force options, in addition to neck restraint, chemical agents, distraction techniques, and taser.

Answer 25

Third level.

Question 26

What level of the force matrix does this define? | Officers defend themselves or others against the subject's life-threatening behavior with the use of deadly force.

Answer 26

Fifth level

Question 27

What level of the force matrix does this define? Officers use control tactics, such as escorting or compression and pain techniques, on subjects displaying passive resistant behavior. Controlling force is used when the subject passively fails to respond to verbal direction.

Answer 27

Second level.

Question 28

True or False? | No officer should discharge a firearm in the performance of duty except during authorized training at a target range.

Answer 28

False. | No officer SHALL discharge a firearm in the performance of duty except during authorized training at a target range.

Question 29

No officer shall discharge a firearm in the performance of duty except for 4 situations, what are they?

Answer 29

1. During authorized training; 2. When the officer has a reasonable belief that a subject (or animal) poses an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or another person; 3. When necessary to apprehend a fleeing suspect if there is cause to believe the suspect has committed a felony involving the infliction or threatened infliction of death or serious bodily injury, and the officer reasonably believes the suspect is armed with a deadly weapon and the suspect's escape would pose an imminent threat to the officer or others; or, 4. As permitted by Department Procedure 6.09, Handling of Injured Animals.

Question 30

Should or shall? A verbal warning to submit to the authority of the officer (should or shall?) be given prior to the use of the firearm, if feasible, and if doing so would not increase the danger to the officer or other persons.

Answer 30

Shall

Question 31

Is the suspect's age a factor to be considered before discharging a firearm?

Answer 31

Yes

Question 32

Is the environment a factor to consider before discharging a firearm?

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

Is the type of crime a factor to be considered before discharging a firearm?

Answer 33

Yes

Question 34

Is the suspect's gender a factor to be considered before discharging a firearm?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

Is a suspect's size a factor to consider before discharging a firearm?

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

True or false? | Firearms are found to be an effective method of stopping vehicles.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

True or False? | Firearms should not be discharged at a vehicle solely in an attempt to disable the vehicle.

Answer 37

False. | Firearms SHALL not be discharged at a vehicle solely in an attempt to disable the vehicle.

Question 38

True or false? | Moving vehicles present a rapidly changing field of fire.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Officers (should or shall?) consider the ramifications when shooting at a moving vehicle.

Answer 39

Shall

Question 40

What are the ramifications to consider when shooting at moving vehicles? There are three.

Answer 40

1. Moving vehicles present a rapidly changing field of fire; 2. If the driver is incapacitated, the vehicle would be uncontrolled;or 3. The action could create a danger to the public that outweighs the need to use deadly force.

Question 41

Officers (should or shall?) not discharge a firearm at a moving vehicle unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the subject or the vehicle poses an IMMEDIATE threat of death or serious physical harm to the officer and there is no reasonable alternative for the officer to avoid the harm.

Answer 41

Shall

Question 42

Is an officer permitted to discharge a firearm if the officer has probable cause to believe that the subject or the vehicle poses an immediate threat of death or serious physical harm to other persons?

Answer 42

Yes.

Question 43

Officers (should or shall?) not knowingly position themselves in the path of a moving vehicle.

Answer 43

Shall

Question 44

True or False? Warning shots may be used when the officer has reasonable belief that an animal poses an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or another person.

Answer 44

True. Really. See section V, 8a.

Question 45

True or false? | Warning shots are prohibited under any circumstances.

Answer 45

False.

Question 46

True of false? Warning shots are prohibited except under exigent circumstances when the warning shot is necessary to apprehend a fleeing suspect if there is probably cause to believe the suspect has committed a felony involving the infliction or threatened infliction of death or serious bodily injury, and the officer reasonably believes the suspect is armed with a deadly weapon and the suspect's escape would pose an imminent threat to the officer or others.

Answer 46

True.

Question 47

True or false? Warning shots are prohibited except under exigent circumstances when the officer has reasonable belief that a subject poses an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or another person.

Answer 47

True.

Question 48

True of false? | Firearms are designed and intended for use as impact weapons and shall be used to strike another person.

Answer 48

False.

Question 49

Should or shall? Firearms are not designed or intended for use as impact weapons and (should or shall?) not be used to strike another person.

Answer 49

Shall.

Question 50

Is there an exception to when an officer is permitted to use a firearm as an impact weapon?

Answer 50

Yes, when necessary to protect the officer or another person from death or serious bodily injury.

Question 51

When force is used, officers (should or shall?) ensure that detailed, accurate reports describing the force used an all of the circumstances and facts surrounding the use of that force are prepared.

Answer 51

Shall.

Question 52

In addition to the detailed reports (arrest, detention, or ARJIS-9) describing the force used, what other form needs to be completed?

Answer 52

The Force Effectiveness Form

Question 53

Where can the Force Effectiveness Form be located?

Answer 53

In the Automated Field Reporting templates or the LAN

Question 54

What is the sole purpose of the Force Effectiveness Form?

Answer 54

It is used for the sole purspose of capturing statistical data.

Question 55

Should or shall? | When force is used, a Force Effectiveness Form (should or shall?) be completed.

Answer 55

Shall.

Question 56

Is the use of a cord cuff considered a force incident requiring a report?

Answer 56

Yes

Question 57

Is the pointing of a firearm at a person to gain compliance considered a reportable use of force?

Answer 57

Yes

Question 58

True or false? | A weaponless defense technique applied to a person does not require a force report.

Answer 58

False.

Question 59

Officers who use a force option shall personally prepare the appropriate report documenting their use of force. Is there an exception to the officer personally preparing this document?

Answer 59

An exception to an officer personally preparing a document (detailing force used) is if an SDPD investigator interviews the officer and his/her statements (regarding the force used) are documented in the investigator's report.

Question 60

If an officer is involved in a situation with an outside agency, do the SDPD officers involved document any use of reportable force by personnel of said agency?

Answer 60

Yes.

Question 61

Should or shall? The reporting officer (should or shall?) request documentation from the officers/deputies of the outside agency who deployed force options, describing their use of force.

Answer 61

Shall.

Question 62

Whenever physical force used by an officer results in an injury that necessitates medical treatment of any person, the officer (should or shall?) immediately contact a field supervisor.

Answer 62

Shall

Question 63

What is the number of the Department Procedure for Handcuffing, Restraining, Searching and Transporting Procedures?

Answer 63

6.01

Question 64

The field officer (should or shall?) evaluate the circumstances surrounding the incident.

Answer 64

Shall.

Question 65

The field supervisor (should or shall?) notify the Watch Commander of Field Lieutenant.

Answer 65

Shall.

Question 66

If the Watch Commander or Field Lieutenant deems the incident to be of significant magnitude, who should be notified?

Answer 66

Internal Affairs will be notified and given the opportunity to respond and conduct an on scene investigation.

Question 67

When would the Watch Commander contact the Police Officers' Association to report the general nature of the incident?

Answer 67

When Internal Affairs responds to the scene where force was used.

Question 68

Do all statements made by the subject regarding his/her alleged or apparent injury need to be documented?

Answer 68

Yes.

Question 69

All statements made by the subject regarding his/her alleged or apparent injury (should or shall?) be documented.

Answer 69

Should.

Question 70

True or false? | Photographs shall be taken to document the absence of injury to the subject, officers or other persons.

Answer 70

True. They shall be taken to document existence or absence of injuries.

Question 71

Photographs (should or shall) be taken of any damage to the clothing or personal property of the subject, officers, of other persons at the scene.

Answer 71

Shall.

Question 72

Photographs (should or shall?) be impounded as evidence.

Answer 72

Shall.

Question 73

True or false? | Chemical Agents may be used on subjects displaying Active Resistance Behavior.

Answer 73

True. OC spray may be used on a spitting person to assist officers in gaining control

Question 74

True or false? | Pain Compliance is considered Lesser Controlling Force.

Answer 74

True.

Question 75

Can close range strikes be used in crowd control situations by people displaying Active Resistance Behavior?

Answer 75

Yes.

Question 76

What level of force does the approved use of the Carotid Neck Restraint begin?

Answer 76

Greater Controlling Force.

Question 77

Is it acceptable to use Canine use of force on a subject displaying Assaultive Behavior?

Answer 77

Yes.

Question 78

Is it approved to use Personal Body Weapons on a person displaying Active Resistance Behavior?

Answer 78

No.

Question 79

Is it approved to use Firearms as a use of force against subjects displaying Assaultive Behavior?

Answer 79

No.

Question 80

Can an officer use blows to the head as a use of force?

Answer 80

Yes, when defending against life-threatening behavior as defined in the Use of Force procedures.