Fractures

Question 1

Define fracture

Answer 1

Any damage to a bone

Question 2

What are the classifications of a fracture?

Answer 2

Completeness, orientation, position, skin

Question 3

Completeness

Answer 3

Complete: broken all the way through
Incomplete: not broken all the way through

Question 4

Orientation

Answer 4

Linear: parallel to the long axis of the bone (along the bone)
Transverse: perpendicular to long axis of bone (across the bone)

Question 5

Position

Answer 5

Nondisplaced: bone ends in their normal positions
Displaced: bone ends are not their normal position

Question 6

Skin

Answer 6

Compound (open): bone ends penetrate the skin (infection skin)
Simple (closed): bone ends do not penetrate the skin

Question 7

What are the common types of fracture?

Answer 7

Comminuted, compression, spiral, epiphyseal, depressed, greensick

Question 8

Comminuted

Answer 8

Bone fragments are into three or more pieces

- Particularly common in the aged, whose bones are more brittle

Question 9

Compression

Answer 9

Bone is crushed

- Commonly caused by falling, particularly in porous bones

Question 10

Spiral

Answer 10

A ragged break occurs when excessive twisting focus applies to the bone
- Common sporting injury

Question 11

Epiphyseal

Answer 11

Epiphysis separates from diaphysis along the epiphyseal plate
- Tends to occur when cartilage cells are dying and the bone is calcifying

Question 12

Depressed

Answer 12

The broken bone portion is pressed inward

- Typical skull fracture

Question 13

Greenstick

Answer 13

Bones break incompletely; one side breaks and the other bends
- common in children, as they have a higher collagen percentage in bones