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G12 Biology > Gametogenesis > Flashcards

Gametogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Define gametogenesis

A

Formation of gametes through meiosis

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2
Q

Cells which divide and differentiate into spermatocytes

A

Spermatogonia

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3
Q

What process do spermatocytes undergo to form 4 spermatids?

A

Meiosis

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4
Q

Are spermatids haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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5
Q

What do spermatids become once they mature?

A

Sperm cells

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6
Q

The head of the sperm cell contains…

A

The nucleus and acrosome

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7
Q

How many autosomes are contained in a human sperm cell nucleus?

A

22 + 1 sex chromosome

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8
Q

Function of the acrosome

A

Produces enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the surface of the egg

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9
Q

Three main parts of a sperm cell

A

Head
Mid-peace
Tail

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10
Q

Function of the mid-piece of a sperm cell

A

Full of mitochondria that provide ATP to power the sperm cell

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11
Q

Function of the tail of a sperm cell

A

Long flagellum that moves in a whiplike motion to propel sperm forward in fluid

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12
Q

The cell which become primary oocytes

A

Oogonium

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13
Q

Cells which partially undergo meiosis 1 while female is an embryo

A

Primary oocytes

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14
Q

When will a primary oocyte complete meiosis 1?

A

Only if it going to be released during ovulation

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15
Q

Diploid cells in the ovary undergo mitosis (under influence of FSH) to form…

A

numerous follicles

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16
Q

Which cell inside a follicle enlarges and undergoes meiosis?

A

The primary oocyte

17
Q

What is formed when a primary oocyte completes meiosis 1?

A

A secondary oocyte

18
Q

When will a secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2?

A

Only if a sperm cell fertilises the egg

19
Q

Once a secondary oocyte has completed meiosis 1 it becomes…

A

an ovum

20
Q

Differences in meiosis in spermatogenesis and oogenesis

A 
Spermatogenesis:
4 sperm cells produced
Oogenesis:
1 ovum produced
Unequal meiotic divisions - polar bodies produced which disintegrate
21
Q

How many autosomes are found in the nucleus of the ovum

A

22 + 1 X-chromosome

22
Q

Function of the cytoplasm/yolk of the ovum

A

Reserve of nutrients for initial stages of zygote development

23
Q

Membrane which contains the cytoplasm in the ovum

A

Plasma membrane

24
Q

Second membrane surrounding the ovum

A

Yolk/vitelline membrane

25
Q

Function of the yolk membrane

A

Becomes impenetrable after fertilisation

26
Q

The jelly layer surrounding the yolk membrane

A

Zona pellucida

27
Q

Function of the zona pellucida

A

Protects ovum/early zygote

28
Q

Outermost layer of the ovum

A

Corona radiata

29
Q

Structure and function of the corona radiata

A

Consists of follicle cells that originally surrounded the secondary oocyte
dissolved by acrosome enzymes

G12 Biology (13 decks)

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