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G12 Biology > DNA Structure and Function > Flashcards

DNA Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Where are nuclei found?

A

The cells of eukaryotes

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2
Q

What are nuclear pores?

A

Pores in the double membrane of the nucleus

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3
Q

What is inside the nucleus?

A

The nucleoplasm, nucleolus, and chromatin network

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4
Q

What is the chromatin network?

A

A mass of thread-like structures made of DNA suspended in the nucleoplasm

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5
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Regulate cell structure and metabolism
Contain DNA
Allow for cell division

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6
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acid?

A

DNA and RNA

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7
Q

Where can extranuclear DNA be found?

A

The mitochondria (mtDNA) and chloroplast (cpDNA) in plants

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8
Q

What do nucleic acids consist of?

A

Monomers called nucleotides

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9
Q

Define eukaryote

A

Organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope

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10
Q

Define metabolism

A

The chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

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11
Q

Define genes

A

A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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12
Q

What is an organelle?

A

a subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs

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13
Q

What is cytoplasm

A

The thick solution that fills each cell

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14
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Substance with a molecular structure built up by many repeating sub-units.

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15
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A molecule that can bond with other monomers to form a polymer.

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16
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

The monomers which make up DNA.

17
Q

What is deoxyribose sugar?

A

The five-carbon sugar molecule that helps form the phosphate backbone of DNA molecules.

18
Q

Define phosphate group.

A

The “middle man” between two adjacent deoxyribose sugars.

19
Q

What is a nitrogenous base?

A

A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. (ATCG)

20
Q

What is adenine?

A

One of the larger (purine base) nitrogenous bases.

Always pairs with thymine.

21
Q

What is thymine?

A

One of the smaller (pyrimidine base) nitrogenous bases.

Always pairs with adenine.

22
Q

What is cytosine?

A

One of the smaller (pyrimidine base) nitrogenous bases.

Always pairs with guanine.

23
Q

What is guanine?

A

One of the larger (purine base) nitrogenous bases.

Always pairs with cytosine.

24
Q

Define a hydrogen bond.

A

The attraction between a partially positively charged hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom (such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine) and another nearby electronegative atom.

25
Q

Define genome

A

Complete set of genes in an organism.

26
Q

What is non-coding DNA

A

DNA that does not code for proteins (not genes).

27
Q

Functions of non-coding DNA

A

Regulates/controls gene expression
Protects genes from mutation
Controls transcription of DNA during protein synthesis

G12 Biology (13 decks)

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