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RMT - LtB > 3 - Kines - Unit 3 - Pelvis & Thigh > Flashcards

3 - Kines - Unit 3 - Pelvis & Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvis and thighs - 8 Bones

A 
1 - Coxal / innovate bone (hip bone) - x2
2 - Sacrum - x1
3 - Coccyx (tail bone) - x1
4 - Femur (thigh bone) - x2
5 - Patella (kneecap) - x2
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2
Q

Pelvis and thighs - Bones - Pelvis

A

3 bones

  • 2 coxal bones (hip) - sometimes referred as «pelvic bones»
  • Sacrum
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3
Q

Pelvis and thighs - Bones - Coxal bone (hip) development

A

Starts out as 3 separate bones :

  • Ilium - Big flat piece
  • Ischium - Butt bone
  • Pubis - Up front

The 3 bones eventually fuse together to form coxal bone

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4
Q

Pelvis and thighs - Landmarks

A 
1 - Coxal (starts as Ilium, ischium & pubis)
2 - Sacrum
3 - Coccyx
4 - Femur
5 - Patella
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5
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Crest

A

A ridge of bone

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6
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Fossa

A

A shallow depression or dent in a bone

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7
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Tuberosity

A

A large, rounded m, usually roughened protuberance

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8
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Ramus

A

Latin for «arm»

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9
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Tubercle

A

A small, rounded process

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10
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Foramen

A

A hole in a bone

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11
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Acetabulum

A

Socket of the hip joint where the three «hip» bones fuse

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12
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Trochanter

A

Large bony prominence found only on the femurs

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13
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Condyle

A

Rounded, knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone usually at a joint

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14
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Facet

A

Small, flat, articulate surface

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15
Q

Landmarks - Definition - Pes anserinum

A

Goose’s foot

A tendinous attachment site for 3 muscles located on the anterior medial aspect of the proximal tibia:

  • Semitendinosus
  • Gracilis
  • Sartorius)
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16
Q

Landmarks - Coxal

A

Each vocal bone starts out as 3 bones:

  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis
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17
Q

Landmarks - Coxal - Ilium

A
  • Iliac crest
  • Iliac fossa
  • Gluteal surface
  • Anterior superior iliac spine [ASIS]
  • Anterior inferior iliac spine [AIIS]
  • Posterior superior iliac spine [PSIS]
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18
Q

Landmarks - Coxal - Ischium

A
  • Ischium tuberosity

- Ramus of the Ischium

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19
Q

Landmarks - Coxal - Pubis

A
  • Pubic crest
  • Public tubercles
  • Public symphysis - («symphysis» = coming together)
  • Superior Ramus of the pubis
  • Inferior Ramus of the pubis
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20
Q

Landmarks - Patella

A

The largest sesamoid bone in the body

  • Medial facet
  • Lateral facet
  • Apex
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21
Q

Landmarks - Proximal leg bones - 2 bones in each leg

A
  • Tibia - Medial leg bone - larger weight bearing bone of the leg
  • Fibula - Lateral leg bone - smaller and non-weight bearing bone of the leg
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22
Q

Landmarks - Proximal leg bones - Tibia

A

Medial leg bone - larger weight bearing bone of the leg

  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Pes anserinus (goose’s foot) - tendinous attachment site for the 3 muscles located on the anterior medial aspect of the proximal tibia: Semitendinosus / Gracilis / Sartorius)
  • Medial condyle (plateau)
  • Lateral condyle (plateau)
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23
Q

Osgood-Schlatters disease

A

An avolsion fracture of the tibial tuberosity caused by hypertonic quadriceps femoris muscle

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24
Q

Landmarks - Femur

A
  • Femoral head
  • Femoral neck
  • Greater trochanter - larger & lateral
  • Lesser trochanter - smaller & medial
  • Gluteal tuberosity
  • Shaft
  • Linea aspera (=“rough line”)
  • Medial lip of the linea aspera
  • Lateral lip of the linea aspera
  • Medial condyle
  • Lateral condyle
  • Adductor tubercle
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25
Q

Landmarks - Proximal leg bones - Fibula

A

Lateral leg bone - smaller and non-weight bearing bone if the leg

  • Fibular head
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26
Q

Landmarks - Coxal - 2 structures not attributes to specific bone

A
  • Obturator foramen

- Acetabulum - socket of the hip joint where the 3 «hip» bones fuse)

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27
Q

Landmarks - Sacrum

A

Starts out as 5 separate vertebrae that fuse

  • Sacral foramen
28
Q

Landmarks - Coccyx

A

Starts out as 4 separate coccygeal vertebrae that fuse

29
Q

Joints - 4 pelvis and thigh joints

A
  • Sacroiliac joints
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Coxafemoral (“hip”) joint
  • Tibiofemoral (knee) joint
30
Q

Joints - Sacroiliac joints

A 
Amphiarthritic joints (=slightly movable)
Formed by ilia and sacrum
31
Q

Joints - Pubic symphysis

A

Amphiarthritic joint = slightly movable

Formed by the two Pubic bones

32
Q

Joints - Coxafemoral

A

“Hip” joint
Ball and socket joint
Formed by proximal femur & acetabulum of the vocal bone

33
Q

Joints - Tibiofemoral

A

Knee joint
Hinge joint
Formed by distal femur & proximal tibia.

Technically the knee joint also includes the patella, which articulated with the femur

34
Q

Movements - Definition - Flexion

A

Decrease of the angle in a joint by bringing bones together

35
Q

Movements - Definition - Extension

A

Increase of the angle in a joint by moving bones apart

36
Q

Movements - Definition - Adbuction

A

Lateral movement away from the midline of the trunk of the body

37
Q

Movements - Definition - Adduction

A

Medial movement towards the midline of the trunk of the body

38
Q

Movements - Definition - External rotation

A

Rotary movement around the axis of the limb away from the midline

39
Q

Movements - Definition - Internal rotation

A

Rotary movement around the axis of a limb towards the midline

40
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Quadriceps femoris - Rectus femoris

A

[Origin]
Anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

[Insertion]
Tibial tuberosity

[Action]

  • Knee extension
  • Hip flexion
41
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Quadriceps femoris - Vastus medialis

A

[Origin]
Lateral lip of the linea aspera

[Insertion]
Tibial tuberosity

[Action]
Knee extension

42
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Quadriceps femoris - Vastus lateralis

A

[Origin]
Lateral lip of the linea aspera

[Insertion]
Tibial tuberosity

[Action]
Knee extension

43
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Quadriceps femoris - Vastus intermedius

A

[Origin]
Anterior surface of the femur

[Insertion]
Tibial tuberosity

[Action]
Knee extension

44
Q

Movements - Hip joint / Coxafemoral joint / Femoral / Thigh movements

A

Sagital

  • Flexion of the hip
  • Extension of the hip

Coronal

  • Abduction of the hip
  • Adduction of the hip

Transverse

  • External (lateral) hip rotation
  • Internal (medial) hip rotation
45
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Hamstrings - Biceps femoris

A

[Origin]

  • Long head: ischial tuberosity
  • Short head: lateral lip of the linea aspera

[Insertion]
Fibula head

[Action]

  • Knee flexion
  • Hip extension
46
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Hamstrings - Semitendinosus

A

[Origin]
Ischial tuberosity

[Insertion]
Medial surface of proximal tibia at Pes anserinus

[Action]

  • Knee flexion
  • Hip extension
47
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Hamstrings - Semimembranosus

A

[Origin]
Ischial tuberosity

[Insertion]
Posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia

[Action]

  • Knee flexion
  • Hip extension
48
Q

Movements - Knee / tibiofemoral joint / leg movements

A

Sagital

  • Knee flexion
  • Knee extension
49
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Gluteal muscles - Gluteus Maximus

A

[Origin]

  • Coccyx
  • Edge of sacrum
  • Posterior iliac crest
  • Sacrotiberous & sacroiliac ligaments

[Insertion]

  • Gluteal tuberosity
  • Iliotibial tract

[Action]

  • Powerful hip extension
  • Hip abduction
  • External hip rotation
50
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Gluteal muscles - Gluteus medius

A

AKA Deltoid of the hip

[Origin]
Gluteal surface of the ilium

[Insertion]
Greater trochanter

[Action]

  • Hip abduction
  • Internal hip rotation
  • External hip rotation

Single limb weight

51
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Gluteal muscles - Gluteus minimus

A

Under the medius

[Origin]
Gluteal surface of the ilium (most inferior)

[Insertion]
Anterior border of greater trochanter

[Action]

  • Abduction
  • Internal rotation
  • Hip flexion
52
Q

Muscles - 8 groups

A
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Hamstrings
  • Gluteal Muscles
  • Adductors (inner thigh muscles)
  • Tensor fascia lata
  • Sartorius - longest muscle of the body
  • Lateral rotators of the hip
  • Iliopsoas (iliac us and papas major)
53
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Adductors - Adductor magnus

A

[Origin]

  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Rami of the pubis and Ischium

[Insertion]

  • Medial lip of the linea aspera
  • Adductor tubercle

[Action]

  • Hip adduction
  • Internal hip rotation
  • Hip flexion
54
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Adductors - Adductor longus

A

[Origin]
Pubic tubercle

[Insertion]
Mariam lip of the linea aspera

[Action]

  • Hip adduction
  • Internal hip rotation
  • Hip flexion
55
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Adductors - Adductor brevis

A

[Origin]
Ramus of pubis

[Insertion]
Medial lip of linea aspera

[Action]

  • Hip adduction
  • Internal hip rotation (to confirm)
  • Hip flexion
56
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Adductors - Pectineus

A

Most superior and smallest of the adductors

[Origin]
Inferior Ramus of pubis

[Insertion]
Pectineal line of femur

[Action]
??

57
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Adductors - Gracilis

A

[Origin]
Rami of the Ischium and pubis

[Insertion]
Medial surface of proximal tibia at Pes anserinus

[Action]

  • Hip adduction
  • Internal hip rotation
  • Hip flexion
  • Knee flexion
58
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Tensor fascia lata

A

[Origin]

  • Iliac crest
  • Posterior to the ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

[Insertion]
Iliotibial tract

[Action]

  • Hip flexion
  • Internal hip rotation
  • Hip abduction
59
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Sartorius

A

[Origin]
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

[Insertion]
Medial surface of proximal tibia at Pes anserinus

[Action]

  • Hip flexion
  • Lateral hip rotation
  • Hip abduction
  • Knee flexion
60
Q

Muscles - Quadriceps femoris

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus medialis
  • Vastus latéralis
  • Vastus intermedius
61
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Lateral rotators of the hip - Periformis

A

[Origin]
Anterior surface of the sacrum

[Insertion]
Greater trochanter

[Action]
Lateral hip rotation

62
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Iliopsoas

A

Iliacus & psoas major

[Origin]

  • Iliacus portion: iliac fossa
  • Psoas major portion: bodies & transverse processes lumbar vertebra

[Insertion]
Lesser trochanter

[Action]

  • Powerful hip flexion
  • External hip rotation
  • Hip adduction
63
Q

Muscles - Origin/insertion/actions - Iliopsoas

A

Iliacus & psoas major

[Origin]

  • Iliacus portion: iliac fossa
  • Psoas major portion: bodies & transverse processes lumbar vertebra

[Insertion]
Lesser trochanter

[Action]

  • Powerful hip flexion
  • External hip rotation
  • Hip adduction
64
Q

Muscles - Hamstrings

A
  • Biceps femoris
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus
65
Q

Muscles - Gluteal muscles

A
  • Gluteus Maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
66
Q

Muscles - Adductors

A

Inner Thigh Muscles

  • Adductor magnus
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis

RMT - LtB (24 decks)

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