Organization of Body Flashcards
What is anatomy?
The study of structure of the body.
The function of a tissue/organ is closely linked to its ______.
Structure
Define physiology.
The study of biological function.
Layers of the body from smallest to largest. (5 layers)
Cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organism
Define what a cell is and state their functions.
Simplest structural units of multicellular organism.
1) Exchange materials with their environment
2) Obtain energy from organic nutrients
3) Synthesize complex molecules
4) Duplicate themselves
5) Detect and respond to signals in their immediate environment
Define Cell Differentiation.
Cells specialize to perform certain functions.
Name the four broad types of differentiated cells and provide an example of each.
1) Muscle cells (myocytes): skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells
2) Neural cells (neurons): afferent neurons, inter neurons, motor neurons
3) Epithelial cells: skin tissue cells
4) Connective tissue cells: blood cells
Define what a tissue is.
A tissue is an aggregate of differentiated cells with similar properties/functions.
Name the four general types of tissues.
1) Muscle tissue
2) Nervous tissue
3) Epithelial tissue
4) Connective tissue
What are muscle cells specialized to do?
Generate mechanical force by contraction.
Skeletal muscles are muscles that are activated _______. (Under _______ control).
Voluntary. Conscious.
Cardiac and smooth muscles are activated ________. (Under ________ control).
Involuntarily. Unconscious.
What are neurons specialized to do?
Initiate, integrate, and conduct electrical signals to other cells.
What are epithelial cells specialized to do?
Specialized for selective secretion, absorption of ions and organic molecules, and protection.
Define a simple epithelium.
One cell-thick layer.