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Individual and Society > Socialization > Flashcards

Socialization Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nature theory? /1(4)

A

belief that genes we get from our parents are the main cause for our:

Behavior
Beliefs
Values

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2
Q

What is the nurture theory? /2(5)

A

our environment is the primary influence on the way we

Think
Feel
Behave

plays the most important role in human behavior

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3
Q

What is socialization?

A

lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and:

Physical
Mental
Social skills needed for survival in society

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4
Q

What causes the nurture theory? /2

A

extreme cases of isolation

demonstrate the importance of socialization and human interaction

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5
Q

How does Functionalism view socialization? /3

A

it helps to pass on cultural norms and values

without socialization, there would be no common or shared culture

society would not work without socialization

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6
Q

How does Conflict Theory view socialization? /2(6)

A

people in different social groups are socialized into different beliefs and behaviors

reproduces inequalities between:
classes
religions
ethnicities
other social groups
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7
Q

How does the Feminist Theory view socialization? /2

A

inequalities between men and women are not natural and not inevitable

introduces gender socialization

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8
Q

What is gender socialization?

A

the attitudes and behaviors that a society defines as appropriate for each sex

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9
Q

How Symbolic interactionism view socialization? /2

A

focuses on how the process of socialization takes place between individuals and within small groups

offers the most explanations of how socialization occurs

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10
Q

Who is George Herbert Mead? /2(5)

A

believes that people develop a sense of self by taking on roles

The 3 stages:

  • Preparatory stage
  • Play stage
  • Game stage
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11
Q

What is the Preparatory Stage? /2

A

copy everything people around us do

done until the age of 3

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12
Q

What is the Play Stage? /2

A

become more discriminating and intimate to only significant others

done until stage 5

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13
Q

What is a significant other? /2

A

whose care, affection, and approval we value and desire

parents are significant others for children

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14
Q

What is the Game Stage? /2

A

understand that social behavior is structured by rules

become more aware of the demands and expectations of others

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15
Q

What is the ‘looking-glass self’ theory? /4

A

use other people as a mirror to ourselves

imagine how we look to them and how they judge us

develop a sense of ourselves

developed by Charles Horton Cooley

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16
Q

Who is Erik Erikson? /3

A

proposed the 8 ‘psychosocial’ stages of development

each transition marked by a crisis

a model that spanned entire lives because socialization is a lifelong process

17
Q

Who is Lawrence Kohlberg? /2

A

concerned about moral development

morality develops in stages of 3

18
Q

What are the 3 morality stages? /3

A

primarily self-centered, only concerned about ourselves

conventional, internalize the norms and values of our culture to help determine what is right and wrong

our morality is based on abstract principles

19
Q

Who is Carol Gilligan? /2(4)

A

introduced a feminist perspective in moral reasoning

concluded moral decisions arise from 2 different principles:

  • Morality of justice
  • Morality of care
20
Q

What is Morality of justice? /2

A

based on the rule of law

typically followed by males

21
Q

What is Morality of care? /2

A

make moral decisions by a standard of how best to help those who are in need

followed most likely by females

22
Q

What are the agents of socialization?

A

people/groups/institutions that teach what we need to know in order to participate in society

23
Q

What are the 4 agents of socialization? /4

A

Family

Peers

School

Media

24
Q

How is family an agent of socialization? /4(6)

A

relatively small and intimate

effective at installing the multitudes of values, beliefs, and behavioral norms

gives ascribed statuses:

  • Ethnicity
  • Socioeconomic status

family members teach by direct instruction (Mead 1st stage)

25
Q

How are peers an agent of socialization? /4

A

people who are similar in age and share common interests with you

help you to separate from your family

become more involved in the wider society

not controlled by adults

26
Q

How is school an agent of socialization? /3(6)

A

have the formal task of passing on the dominant culture’s knowledge, values and beliefs

prepare people for the job market

teach about:

  • Competition
  • Materialism
  • Obedience to authority
27
Q

How does school prepare people for the job market? /3

A

transmitting knowledge on:

  • Academic
  • Technical
  • Scientific
28
Q

How is media an agent of socialization?

A

method of communication that reach large numbers of people

29
Q

What is mass media? /2

A

few people produce the content

distributed to and consumed by a mass audience

30
Q

What is social media? /2

A

forms of electronic communication

users create and share information

31
Q

What are the 3 types of socialization? /3

A

Primary socialization

Secondary socialization

Resocialization

32
Q

What is primary socialization? /2

A

when a child learns the beliefs, values and behaviors appropriate to a particular culture

typically parents of children pass on the long list of social norms

33
Q

What is secondary socialization? /3

A

process of learning the appropriate behavior as a member of a particular group within a larger society

encounter new norms and expectations

learn to accept and integrate as you adapt to your new social group

34
Q

What is resocialization? /5(8)

A

process of learning new and replace the old:

  • Values
  • Beliefs
  • Behaviors

occur in total institutions that isolate people from outside influences in order to be controlled and reformed

may be imposed

controls all aspects of a person’s life

can change the individual’s sense of self

35
Q

What are the characteristics of total institutions (resocialization)? /7

A

there is one authority

activities take place in specific locations

carefully constructed activities control the participants

authorities carefully screen all information from outside the institution

rules and roles are clearly defined

strict hierarchy exists within the institution

total institutions restrict individual choice

36
Q

What is Dramaturgy? /4(6)

A

Erving Goffman

tackle social situations with 2 selves:

  • Character
  • Performer

impression management to influence how others see us

backstage + front stage

37
Q

What is the front stage?

A

the part if us others see

38
Q

What is backstage? /2

A

behavior that reveals our truer selves

usually reserved for family or close friends

Individual and Society (12 decks)

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