1 b - Atoms, Bonding, Charges, & Biological Molecules

Question 1

What defines the element? (atom type)

Answer 1

Proton number

Question 2

What is the ideal state of an atom?

Answer 2

equal proton and electron number

Question 3

What happens when the neutron number varies?

Answer 3

It becomes an isotope

Question 4

Do neutrons change chemical properties?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

Neutrons only add weight, true or false

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are the most important biological atoms?

Answer 6

CHNOPS

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

Question 7

Name the element:

H

Answer 7

Hydrogen

Question 8

Name the element:

Na

Answer 8

Sodium

Question 9

Name the element:

Mg

Answer 9

Magnesium

Question 10

Name the element:

K

Answer 10

Potassium

Question 11

Name the element:

Ca

Answer 11

Calcium

Question 12

Name the element:

Mn

Answer 12

Manganese

Question 13

Name the element:

Fe

Answer 13

Iron

Question 14

Name the element:

Cu

Answer 14

Copper

Question 15

Name the element:

Zn

Answer 15

Zinc

Question 16

Name the element:

C

Answer 16

Carbon

Question 17

Name the element:

N

Answer 17

Nitrogen

Question 18

Name the element:

O

Answer 18

Oxygen

Question 19

Name the element:

P

Answer 19

Phospohorus

Question 20

Name the element:

S

Answer 20

Sulfur

Question 21

Name the element:

Cl

Answer 21

Chlorine

Question 22

Name the element:

I

Answer 22

Iodine

Question 23

Atoms form ___ ____ to make _____

Answer 23

chemical bonds; molecules

Question 24

Opposite charges ___

Answer 24

Attract

Question 25

Like charges ___

Answer 25

repel

Question 26

What are protein macromolecules made of?

Answer 26

chains of amino acids

Question 27

Where are electrons arranged?

Answer 27

on orbitals around the nucleus

Question 28

How are orbitals grouped?

Answer 28

in shells

Question 29

What is the outermost shell called?

Answer 29

Valance shell

Question 30

what are the electrons called on the valance shell?

Answer 30

Valance electrons

Question 31

All “Nobel” elements are ___

Answer 31

nonreactive

Question 32

When the valance shell is not full it is ___

Answer 32

reactive

Question 33

Elements with 1 electron too many or too few of completing a shell tend to form _____ bonds.

Answer 33

Ionic

Question 34

Elements with more empty/half-empty orbitals will form ____ bonds

Answer 34

Covalent

Question 35

Describe an ionic bond

Answer 35

when outer electrons are transferred between atoms and form + or - charged ions

Question 36

Describe covalent bond

Answer 36

When 2 atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 37

What is the difference between a polar and non-polar covalent bond?

Answer 37

polar is the unequal sharing of electrons.

Non polar is the equal sharing of electrons.

Question 38

Which elements are electron “hogs”?

Answer 38

Oxygen and Nitrogen

Question 39

What does uneven electron distribution result in?

Answer 39

Partial negative and postive charges (aka electronegativity)

Question 40

What bond is formed between N and O?

Answer 40

Hydrogen bond

Question 41

What is a water solvent that surrounds ions called?

Answer 41

Solvation

Question 42

What are atoms with unpaired electrons called?

Answer 42

Free radicals

Question 43

What do antioxidants eliminate?

Answer 43

Free radicals

Question 44

Polar molecules are hydro___

Answer 44

hydrophilic - water loving

Question 45

Non polar molecules are hydro___

Answer 45

hydrophobic - water fearing

Question 46

Which of the three bonds are strongest?

Answer 46

covalent

Question 47

Which of the three bonds are weakest?

Answer 47

Hydrogen