3 a - Cell Biology & Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Where do transcription and mRNA processing occur?
in the Nucleus
Where does translation occur?
In the cytoplasm by Ribosomes
what does tRNA do?
“reads” the mRNA copy and attaches amino acids
What is transcription?
The process by which DNA is copied to mRNA
What is translation
when mRNA is used to produce proteins
Which enzyme is responsible for building the complementary mRNA?
RNA Polymerase
What do ribosomes do?
Provide a platform for mRNA molecules to couple with complimentary tRNA molecules
Are there complimentary copies of DNA that are not used to make proteins?
Yes, an example is gene regulatory sequences
what is a gene?
Small sections of DNA that contain code
Sections of mRNA that will never be translated are called ___
introns
Name and describe the two functional parts of tRNA
- trinucleotide region “anticodon” - binds to mRNA
2. Amino acid attachment site - a region for attaching specific amino acids
What are the three benefits of alternative mRNA splicing?
allows for alternate protein forms that:
- are used in different parts of the same cell
- expressed in different tissue types or
- can be used under different conditions in the same cell
what is the role of the antisense strand of DNA
the antisense strand is the template strand that RNA Polymerase uses to make mRNA
Do free or bound ribosomes make cell surface receptors?
bound
Describe the relationship between sleep and protein synthesis
Sleep allows for the regulation and clean up of raw materials in our cells.
