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Private Pilot > Private Pilot Stage 2 > Flashcards

Private Pilot Stage 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Hot Spot

A

-Area where runway incursion is likely to occur

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2
Q

Airspace Requirements for Entry

A
  • Alpha: IFR Rated, and 18000ft MSL
  • Brave: Cleared In, ADS-B, Mode C Transponder(top is usually up to 10,000ft MSL, 30nm mode C Veil
  • Charlie: 2 way comms, ADS-B, Mode C Transponder, Tops 4,000ft AGL, 5nm inner ring, 10nm Outer ring
  • Delta: 2 way comms, Tops 2,500 AGL, 5sm ring(4.4nm)
  • Echo: Start 1,200ft AGL to 18,000ft MSL, within vignette 700ft AGL to 18,000ft MSL
  • Golf: Below 1,200ft AGL, within vignette below 700ft AGL
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3
Q

TRSA

A

Terminal Radar Service Area

  • Acts like hybrid between Charlie and Delta
  • Voluntary Radar Service Provided
  • Has Approach Control
  • Actual Airport is Delta
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4
Q

Airspace Cloud Clearances

A

-Bravo: 3sm, Clear of Clouds
-Charlie/Delta: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft Horizontally(3-152)
-Echo:
-Below 10,000ft MSL: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft
Below, 2000ft Horizontally(3-152)
-Above 10,000ft MSL: 5sm, 1000ft Above, 1000ft
Below, 1 mile horizontally(5-111)
-Golf:
-Below 1200ft AGL:
-Day: 1sm, Clear of clouds
-Night: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft
Horizontally(3-152)
-Above 1200ft AGL:
-Day: 1sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft
Horizontally(1-152)
-Night: 3sm, 1000ft Above, 500ft Below, 2000ft
Horizontally(3-152)

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5
Q

Nonstandard Airspace

A

MCPRWANS

  • Military Operations Area
  • Controlled Firing Area
  • Prohibited
  • Restricted
  • Alert
  • Warning Area
  • National Security Area
  • Special Flight Rules Area
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6
Q

Special Use Airspace (SUA)

A

Airspace where activities are confined to the nature of the airspace, or where limits are imposed on aircraft that are not part of those special activities

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7
Q

Military Operations Area

A
  • Separates IFR traffic from military activity

- Freedom to fly through

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8
Q

Controlled Firing Area

A
  • Similar to MoA and not Depicted on Sectional
  • Uses spotters to advise cease fires
  • Freedom to fly through
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9
Q

Prohibited

A

-Not allowed to fly through

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10
Q

Restricted

A

-Includes Temporary Flight Restriction(TFR)
-Airspace is temporarily closed to general public, see
NOTAMS
-Reasons Include to protect general public or security
areas such as football games, president in town, etc.
-Need Permission to enter

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11
Q

Alert

A

-Area where increased situational awareness is needed
Example: High amount of flight training occurs
-Free to Fly through

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12
Q

Warning Area

A
  • Can be hazardous to non-participating aircraft
  • usually over international waters
  • free to fly through
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13
Q

National Security Area

A

-Asked to Voluntarily avoid this area for security reasons

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14
Q

Special Flight Rules Area(SFRA)

A

-Requires special training in order to operate within

Examples: Washington, DC and Grand Canyon

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15
Q

VFR Altitudes

A
  • Must comply above 3000ft AGL
  • East is odd 1000s plus 500ft (3500, 5500, 7500)
  • West is even 1000s plus 500ft (4500, 6500, 8500)
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16
Q

Pilotage

A

-Knowing where you are by reading a map and using visual checkpoints

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17
Q

Dead Reckoning

A

-Knowing where you are by using time, groundspeed and distance

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18
Q

Dewpoint

A
  • Temperature at which air becomes fully saturated

- When temp/dewpoint spread low expect fog and low clouds

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19
Q

TAF

A
  • Valid for 24 hrs, updated every 6
  • Only Accepted within 5sm of Airport
  • If no TAF, use Graphical Forecast Area
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20
Q

Graphical Forecast Area (GFA)

A
  • Available on Aviationweather.gov
  • Use when airport does not have a TAF
  • Can see cloud coverage, ceiling, winds, storms, etc.
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21
Q

LIFR

A 
Low Instrument Flight Rules:
-Color: Magenta
-Ceiling: below 500ft AGL
and/or
-Visibility: less than 1 mile
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22
Q

IFR

A 
Instrument Flight Rules:
-Color: Red
-Ceiling: 500 to below 1000ft AGL
and/or
-Visibility: 1 miles to less than 3 miles
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23
Q

MVFR

A 
Marginal Visual Flight Rules:
-Color: Blue
-Ceiling: 1000ft to 3000ft AGL
and/or
-Visibility: 3 to 5 miles
24
Q

VFR

A 
Visual Flight Rules:
-Color: Green
-Ceiling: Greater than 3000ft AGL
and
-Visibility: Greater than 5 Miles
25
Q

Airport Beacon

A

-Indicated IFR weather during daytime, or nighttime

26
Q

Winds Aloft

A
  • Forecast wind speed and direction and various altitudes
  • Absence of winds
    - —Airport elevation within 1500ft of listed altitude
  • Absence of temp
    - —Airport elevation within 2500ft of listed altitude
  • Temps assumed negative above 24,000ft MSL
27
Q

High Pressure Systems

A
  • Moves clockwise, outwards, and downwards
  • Poor Visibility
  • Brings higher pressure/density
28
Q

Low Pressure Systems

A
  • Moves counterclockwise, inwards, and upwards(think tornados)
  • Good Visibility
  • Includes precipitation bc of higher humidity
  • Lower pressure/density
29
Q

Warm Front

A
  • Slow Moving, so change is gradual
  • Stratiform Clouds
  • Poor Visibility bc air is stable and calm
  • Steady Precipitation
30
Q

Cold Front

A
  • Cumulus Clouds
  • Possible Thunderstorms
  • Showery Precipitation
31
Q

Stationary Front

A
  • When cold and warm front meet and stop movement

- lingers for a long time

32
Q

Occluded Front

A
  • When one front catches up to another front moving in the same direction
  • usually cold front catches up to warm front
33
Q

Surface Analysis Chart: Isobars

A
  • When closer together expect higher winds

- Pressure measured in milibars

34
Q

AIRMET

A

Airmen’s Meteorological Information

  • Valid for 6hrs
  • Expected weather phenomena likely to occur enroute
  • Tango: Turbulence, Winds greater than 30kts, low level wind shear
  • Sierra: IFR conditions, mountain obscurations
  • Zulu: Freezing
    • Cannot fly in known icing
    • Types of Ice
      • Clear
      • Rime
      • Mixed
35
Q

SIGMET

A

Significant meteorological information

  • Valid for 4hrs
  • Stronger weather phenomena that will affect safety of all aircraft
  • Severe or greater turbulence
  • Dust or sandstorms, Volcanic Ash
  • Severe or greater icing
36
Q

Convective SIGMET

A

SIGMET related to convective activity

  • Valid for 2hrs
  • Thunderstorms
  • Winds greater than 50kts
  • Hail 3/4in diameter or greater
  • Tornadoes
37
Q

Thunderstorm: Ingredients

A

-Moisture
-Uplifting action
-Unstable air
-Normal temp decreases 2 Celsius per 1000ft,
unstable is 3 Celsius per 1000ft

38
Q

Thunderstorm: Stages

A 
Cumulus Stage:
-Large Updrafts
-Clouds are building in form and height
Mature Stage(Most Dangerous):
-Updraft and Downdraft
-Extreme Precipitation
-Lightning
Dissipating Stage:
-Mostly Downdrafts
-Microburst is localized and can reach downdrafts of up to 6000ft a minute
-Storm weakens in intensity
39
Q

Weather Resources: Preflight

A
  • Aviationweather.gov
  • 1800wxbrief.com
  • Third party sources
    • foreflight
    • weather channel
    • look outside
40
Q

Weather Resources: Inflight

A
  • ATIS/AWOS/ASOS
  • Onboard Equipment
    • ADSB-In
    • XM Radio
  • FSS
  • ATC Workload permitting
  • Phone with cell service in emergency situations
41
Q

Weather Resources: PIREPs

A

Pilot Reports
-Reported by Pilots
-Can report anything
Example: Wind Shear - Must include location, altitude
which experienced, airspeed gained/lost

42
Q

Aft GC

A
  • Range: Increased
  • Fuel Burn: Decreased
  • Airspeed: Increased
  • Stall Recovery: Decreased
  • Landing Flare: Increased
  • Stability: Decreased
  • Low AOA
43
Q

Forward GC

A
  • Range: Decreased
  • Fuel Burn: Increased
  • Airspeed: Decreased
  • Stall Recovery: Increased
  • Landing Flare: Decreased
  • Stability: Increased
  • Higher AOA
44
Q

International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)

A
  • At Sea Level
    • Standard Pressure: 29.92” inHg
    • Standard Temp: 15 Celsius
45
Q

Density Altitude

A

-Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature
-Higher density altitude(lower air density): aircraft
performance is decreased
-Lower density altitude(higher air density): aircraft
performance is increased

46
Q

Pressure Altitude

A

-True Altitude Corrected for nonstandard Pressure

47
Q

Indicated Airspeed (IAS)

A

-Airspeed indicated by airspeed indicator on PFD

48
Q

Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)

A

-Corrects IAS for instrument position error

49
Q

True Airspeed (TAS)

A

-Corrects CAS for nonstandard temperature
-The amount of air molecules the airplane is actually
flying through

50
Q

Fuel Requirements

A
  • Day: Original Destination + 30 minutes at normal cruise
  • Night: Original Destination + 45 minutes at normal cruise
  • School Policy: Day/Night- Original Destination + 1hr at normal cruise
51
Q

GPS

A

Global Positioning System:

-Uses Satellites to Triangulate position and altitude in space

52
Q

VOR

A

Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range:

-Short range radio navigation equipment used to determine relative position and bearing to/from

53
Q

Distance Measuring Equipment

A
  • Uses Slant Range(line of sight) to determine distance
  • Most inaccurate when directly over top of an object
  • Inaccuracy negligible for every 1 mile away and 1000ft height
54
Q

Risk Management: Preflight Planning when flying outside of home airport

A

NWKRAFT

  • NOTAMS
  • Weather
  • Known Traffic Delays(IFR)
  • Runway lengths of intended use
  • Alternates(Required under IFR)
  • Fuel Requirements
  • Take off and Landing performance data
55
Q

Risk Management: Personal Minimums

A
  • Conditions you are personally need to operate safe flight

- Mine?

56
Q

Risk Management: Preflight Self Assessment

A
  • PAVE
    • Personal/Pilot
    • Aircraft
    • enVironment
    • External Pressures
  • IMSAFE
    • Illness
    • Medication
    • Stress
    • Alcohol
    • Fatigue
    • Emotion/Eating
57
Q

Unusual Attitudes

A

Nose High: Throttle-Max, Pitch Nose-Level, Pitch Wings-Level

Nose Low: Throttle-Idle, Pitch Wings-Level, Pitch Nose-Level

Private Pilot (10 decks)

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