Barriers to Therapeutic Relationship

Question 1

_____: The client begins to exhibit feelings toward the counselor that were originally felt toward significant others, such as a spouse. The feelings may be positive (feelings of love, attraction) or negative (feelings of resentment, anger)

Answer 1

Transference; the counselor should explore the feelings with the client to help the person understand his/her reaction

Question 2

_____: The counselor begins to exhibit feelings toward the client based on an unconscious reaction or response that is related to previous relationships or situations

Answer 2

Countertransference; For example, the client may remind the counselor of an abusive parent and the counselor may develop a dislike and apprehension of the client; Self-awareness is important when dealing with countertransference

Question 3

Recovery-oriented systems of care (ROSC) approach is recognition _____

Answer 3

That recovery is nonlinear (relapses often occur) and multiple episodes of treatment may be required

Question 4

Traumatic experiences may be _____

Answer 4

Situational (death of a loved one), developmental (reaching a life stage), intrapsychic (thought processes and feelings), or existential (lack of purpose in life)

Question 5

High risk groups for suicide

Answer 5

Teenage boys, men over 50 years of age, older people in general, individuals who suffered a recent loss, serious illness, individuals with no support system, individuals in unstable relationships, impulsive individuals, individuals suffering from burnout

Question 6

The counselor should take the following indications that suicide is a possibility

Answer 6

If the client has a plan, if the client expresses the urge to kill themselves, depression, inability to cope, expressions of hopelessness, past attempts at suicide, talking about suicide as a course of action

Question 7

Psychotherapeutic strategies include _____

Answer 7

Changing maladaptive behavior patterns, changing maladaptive cognitive processes, resolving harmful emotional states, instilling a sense of identity, developing coping skills

Question 8

_____ (Sigmund Freud) involves the divisions of the mind. Id (deals with unconscious instincts and basic drives, does not care about consequences, only concerned with desires) Ego (mostly conscious, rational, mediates between the id and super-ego, raises defense mechanisms) Super-ego (conscience an the source of moral behavior, partially conscious, concerns itself with rules of society)

Answer 8

Psychodynamic Theory

Question 9

7 Defense Mechanisms: Repression

Answer 9

Thoughts that are unacceptable or uncomfortable are forced from the conscious mind into the unconscious mind but these thoughts are still present and continue to affect behavior

Question 10

7 Defense Mechanisms: Projection

Answer 10

Unacceptable motives and thoughts are pushed away and onto someone else

Question 11

7 Defense Mechanisms: Displacement

Answer 11

Feelings are redirected at a target that did not cause the original feelings because the original source is seen as threatening while the target is safe

Question 12

7 Defense Mechanisms: Reaction formation

Answer 12

An unacceptable feeling or desire is replaced with an acceptable one

Question 13

7 Defense Mechanisms: Regression

Answer 13

An earlier and more immature behavior pattern is repeated, usually occurs in response to stress

Question 14

7 Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization

Answer 14

An unacceptable act is justified

Question 15

7 Defense Mechanisms: Intellectualization

Answer 15

An individual understands a situation intellectually but blocks any feelings about the situation

Question 16

_____ (Carl Rogers) includes the idea that each person is basically good and is capable of living a life of meaning and fulfillment. Each individual is capable of psychological safe-healing in a safe environment. This therapy tries to help the individual heal psychologically and learn to accept him/herself through exploration of self

Answer 16

Client-Centered Therapy

Question 17

The role of the therapist in Client-Centered Therapy is to

Answer 17

Create a safe environment for the client to change him or herself; must be empathetic and show that he/she understands what the client is going through; the role is not to interpret client’s feelings but reflect back to the client to facilitate the client’s understanding

Question 18

_____ (Albert Ellis) states that although emotions and thoughts are controlled by separate processes, they are linked. An event does not cause a person’s actions but rather his/her thoughts and feelings about the event that leads to the action. This theory teaches the client how to correct a faulty belief system

Answer 18

Rational-emotive therapy (RET)

Question 19

_____ (Fritz Perls) states a person is shaped by his/her experiences and functions in a healthy way because of a balanced pattern of experiences with people and the environment. The purpose of this therapy it to create a healthy personality through the blending of experiences

Answer 19

Gestalt therapy

Question 20

_____ (Eric Berne) states the individual has 3 ego states: the parent, adult, and child. Parent state (values, rules, judgements) Adult state (rational thinking) Child state (feelings and thoughts based on childhood experiences) Refers to interactions between others as transactions, whether it be complementary (matching) or crossed (non-matching)

Answer 20

Transactional analysis

Question 21

_____ (William Glasser) states that a sense of responsibility leads to psychological health. A healthy person satisfies his or her own needs without harming others. The individual experiences problems when attempting to meet needs conflicts with the sense of right and wrong, which is irresponsible and causes unhappiness. The role of the counselor is to help client make choices that align with accepted morality

Answer 21

Reality therapy

Question 22

____ (Alfred Adler) holds a positive view of human nature, states that people are goal driven and in control of their own futures. Therapy is aimed at changing flawed motivations

Answer 22

Adlerian therapy

Question 23

_____ is a field that is only concerned with observable behavior and assumes all people can be conditioned

Answer 23

Behaviorism

Question 24

_____ (Pavlov) involves a stimulus-response reaction. Unconditioned stimulus is presented and leads to an unconditioned response (food will cause a dog to salivate). A conditioned stimulus, such as ringing a bell, is presented just before the food and the dog salivates because of the food. Eventually, the ringing of the bell will cause the dog to salivate at the ringing. This is a conditioned response

Answer 24

Classical conditioning

Question 25

The goal of behaviorism is to _____

Answer 25

Train new responses to old stimuli; techniques used include behavior modification, contracting, desensitization, and modeling; the counselor identified what behaviors the client wants to change as well as what is rewarding and punishing to the client

Question 26

According to behaviorism, _____ differ from normally functioning individuals because they have failed to learn skills needed to cope with life because they have learned faulty behaviors that are not being reinforced or a combination of these reasons

Answer 26

Dysfunctional individuals

Question 27

3 advantages of behavior therapy

Answer 27

The behaviors to be modified are identified, the treatment methods are specified, the effectiveness of treatment can be assessed; learning principles have a sound scientific basis; behavior therapy is cost effective

Question 28

4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Positive reinforcement

Answer 28

A behavior is followed by a reward, increasing the chances the behavior is repeated

Question 29

4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Negative reinforcement

Answer 29

A behavior is followed by the cessation of an adverse consequence, increasing the chances the behavior is repeated

Question 30

4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Punishment

Answer 30

A behavior is followed by a consequence, increasing the chances the behavior will not be repeated

Question 31

4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Extinction

Answer 31

The probability of a behavior is weakened by the withdrawal of the positive reinforcement

Question 32

Steps of systematic desensitization

Answer 32

Client is taught relaxation techniques; a list of anxiety inducing fears is created; client is asked to imagine the least anxiety provoking scenario while practicing relaxation techniques until there is no more fear response; the next scenario is addressed

Question 33

In _____, the counselor asks the client to imagine situations that create anxiety and helps to increase the anxiety of the client. Facing the anxiety provoking stimulus in a safe setting causes it to lose its power to create anxiety

Answer 33

Implosive therapy

Question 34

In _____, the therapist exposes the client to the actual fear-provoking stimulus until the fear response wears itself out

Answer 34

Flooding

Question 35

_____ uses punishment to change behavior. The withdrawal of a positive reinforcer and the use of an aversive stimulus are both used as punishments

Answer 35

Aversion therapy

Question 36

Critical components of effective treatment: Assessment

Answer 36

First step in treatment, diagnostic methods are used to investigate the causes and severity of addiction

Question 37

Critical components of effective treatment: Patient-treatment matching

Answer 37

Determining the most appropriate treatment for each individual

Question 38

Critical components of effective treatment: Comprehensive services

Answer 38

Involves treating the individual as a whole, including marital, legal, or financial issues

Question 39

Critical components of effective treatment: Relapse prevention

Answer 39

Helps the client to identify triggers and use coping skills to avoid relapse

Question 40

Critical components of effective treatment: Accountability

Answer 40

A program must be shown to be effective in treating drug addiction and helping the client adjust his or her behavior as needed to prevent relapse

Question 41

_____ is a treatment approach that affects physiological processes, such as using methadone

Answer 41

Pharmacological therapies

Question 42

_____ is a treatment approach that alters behavior patterns

Answer 42

Behavioral therapies

Question 43

The _____ of addiction is a holistic approach. It is all encompassing and assumes that genetic, chemical, psychological, and social factors play a role in addiction. States drug abuse is a learned behavior in some instances

Answer 43

Biopsychosocial model

Question 44

According to the _____, there are several kinds of social settings that can encourage drug use. Treatment in this model would include removing the user from the situation or people who encourage his/her use

Answer 44

Social causes model

Question 45

The ____ states that personal needs or personality traits are responsible for drug addiction. Two categories of drug users: those that use drugs to gain positive reinforcement and avoid negative consequences and those that use drugs to escape life’s problems

Answer 45

Clinical Model

Question 46

The aim of intervention is to

Answer 46

Resolve acute symptoms, provide ongoing treatment, help prevent relapse, and restore the individual to normal functioning

Question 47

_____ refers to a situation in which the same session is used to treat both the substance abuse problem and mental disorder

Answer 47

Integrated interventions

Question 48

Stabilizations of _____ may include such treatments as crisis intervention, detoxification, and hospitalization

Answer 48

Acute symptoms

Question 49

_____ may involve treatment for substance abuse or mental heath issues on an outpatient or inpatient basis

Answer 49

Ongoing treatment

Question 50

3 stages in the treatment of drug and alcohol use disorder

Answer 50

Medical and physical intervention; psychosocial rehabilitation; aftercare

Question 51

Goals of counseling for drug and alcohol use disorders

Answer 51

The client must accept that he/she has a problem; the client must accept that he/she must stop the use of substances entirely; the client must accept the responsibility of the effect the substances had on his/her life