Pharmacology Flashcards
Types of drug effects: Independent effect
When two drugs are taken in combination, each is able to act without affecting the other
Types of drug effects: Antagonistic effect
When two drugs are taken, the action of one drug blocks or diminishes the action of the other drug in the system
Types of drug effects: Additive effect
When two drugs have similar actions, the action of one drug is added to that of the other resulting in a doubling of the effect
Types of drug effects: Potentiation or Synergistic effect
Can be highly dangerous; when taken together, the actions of the two drugs are greater than simply adding the two actions
Some drugs are _____, meaning their effects lead to a greater likelihood of repeated use
Reinforcing
_____ drugs give satisfaction that increases the likelihood of continued use
Positive reinforcing
_____ drugs give unpleasant feelings when no longer taking the substance, which reinforces the user to continue use
Negative reinforcing
_____ is sometimes seen with the use of antipsychotics. This disorder includes lolling movements of the tongue and mouth and jerking movements of the limbs, more often seen in women, and may be irreversible
Tardive dyskinesia
_____ can occur with the use of all neuroleptics (antipsychotics) but mostly occurs with Haldol and trifluoperazine. Symptoms include confusion, breathing difficulties, hyperthermia, sweating, muscle rigidity, rapid heart rate, and unstable blood pressure. This is life threatening
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
The development of _____ is associated with the use of atypical neuroleptics (antipsychotics)
Diabetes mellitus
Controlled Substances Act (CSA): Schedule I
Extremely high abuse potential, no legitimate medical use; unsafe even taken under medical supervision
Controlled Substances Act (CSA): Schedule II
Extremely high abuse potential, do have legitimate and restricted medical uses; dependence is common
Controlled Substances Act (CSA): Schedule III
Less likely to be abused and have medical uses; may be abused to the point where they cause low to moderate physical dependence and may cause a high level of psychological dependence
Controlled Substances Act (CSA): Schedule IV
Lower potential for being abused and have medical uses (Xanax and Valium)
Controlled Substances Act (CSA): Schedule V
Lower potential for being abused and have medical uses (cough syrups containing codeine)
