SPAD Risk 2: General SPAD risk Flashcards
What are the two types of SPAD?
SAS: Start Against Signal
SOY: Start Against Yellow
What is an SAS SPAD and give an example.
Start Against Signal
This is when a driver is stopped at a signal and starts up regardless. This could happen when the driver is given an incorrect ready to start signal by the guard and does not check the signal.
What is an SOY SPAD and give an example.
Start Against Yellow
This could occur when a driver forgets he or she is at caution and opens up power. For example, enters platform on a caution and by the time he/she starts up again has forgotten this.
What are the four main contributing factors that can increase the likelihood of a SPAD?
- Fatigue
- Health and wellbeing
- Lack of attention / concentration
- Miscommunication
What are the some side affects of ‘fatigue’?
- Tired; micro sleeps
- Poor judgements
- Slow reactions [awake 17hr+ reactions similar to drunk]
- Poor memory
- Impaired vision
Name some factors that can cause ‘fatigue’?
- Prolonged working
- Insufficient rest
- Heavy workload
- Inadequate sleep
- lack of food
- lack of hydration
- excessive heat or cold work environment
Name some examples of ‘health and wellbeing’ that could increase your likelihood of SPAD’s?
- Stress:
- Anxiety
- Depression
Life examples that may trigger these things are; financial problems, bereavement, ill spouse etc. They all have a detrimental effect on your ability to concentrate and remain focused.
Name five lifestyle changes you can make to help protect against ‘fatigue’ and ‘health and wellbeing’ risk?
- Sleep: get enough, 7-9 hours, lack of sleep can lead to anxiety and depression
- Nutrition: balanced diet can prevent fatigue from appearing sooner. Trans fats in processed food food slows your brain, fresh foods promote cognitive alertness.
- Exercise: 30mins 5 times a week, helps prevent depression and anxiety.
- Hydration: Maintains alertness and awake
- Napping: can increase alertness and refresh.
What are the consequences of ‘Lack of attention/concentration’?
- missing signals
- missing junctions
- missing platforms
- missing stations
- braking too late etc
Name three ways you can protect against ‘Lack of attention/concentration’?
- Anticipating Risk: make yourself aware of spotting high risk areas, for example lots of greens, long waits, scenery outside cab may cause distraction, starting a shift after arguments. And out something in place to prevent lack of concentration, eg RTC [risk triggered commentary]
- Personal Protective Strategies: such things as RTC [19 possible ideas covered in another question]
- Prepared and Organised: prevents misunderstandings and mistakes.
What are 19 possible methods drivers can use to help maintain focus/attention?
- Self Test: eg what was the level crossing called
- Short Journey Concept; Break journey into smaller parts
- Completing Cab Drills: scanning controls and doing work during time of low activity can keep you alert
- Scanning Route ahead: prevents underload / maintains alertness
- Driving train in energy efficient manner; give you a task to focus on and prevent underload
- Make announcements to passengers: keeps you in the loop and on task
- RTC
- Cab Temp can prevent becoming to comfortable
- Open Cab Window
- Get up and move
- Stand up when driving
- Change Posture
- Annotating Diagram
- Caffeine: careful though, must time correctly and not excessively, increased urination
- Chewing Gum: can increase blood flow
What does communication need to be?
A: Accurate
B: Brief
C: Concise
P: Professional: standard format, phonetic alphabet
What 5 requirements will make for a clear and professional communication?
- Identify the parties involved
- Provide information about the situation
- Agree the actions to be taken
- Confirm the agreement
- Check that a full understanding has been reached by both parties
what are the four SPAD categories?
A: signal passed at danger by driver failure.
B: signaller changes signal at last minute. Possible signaller mistake.
C: signal changes at last minute due to emergency
D: train rolls a d spades signal
