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Pulmonary > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Function of conchae.

A

increase respiratory surface area and aid filtration by creating eddies (circular movement) in the air stream

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2
Q

Lamina propria of respiratory region of nasal cavity is attached to:

A

underlying bone

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3
Q

Epithelial lining of:

  1. nasopharynx
  2. oropharynx
A
  1. pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells

2. stratified squamous, nonkeratinized

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4
Q

Epithelium over luminal surface of vocal cords:

A

stratified squamous

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5
Q

Thick ______ is characteristic of tracheal epithelium

A

basement membrane

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6
Q

How does structural wall change when bronchi become intrapulmonary?

A
  1. muscularis mucosa appears

2. cartilage now present

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7
Q

What is the function of Clara cells? (where?)

A

interspersed cells within non-PSCCE that secrete surface active agent (Clara cell protein) into bronchioles

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8
Q

What type of epithelium is present in bronchioles?

A

mostly pseudostratified ciliated columnar

small amount of simple columnar or cuboidal (have cilia; no goblet cells)

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9
Q

Well developed in bronchioles

A

muscularis

major regulator or airway resistance

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10
Q

Connective tissue lining with or without mesothelial lining

A

serosa or adventitia

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11
Q

CT that is often looser than lamina propria; surrounded by muscularis externa

A

submucosa

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12
Q

3 layers of mucosa

interior to exterior

A

epithelium
lamina propria
muscularis mucosa

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13
Q

Intrapulmonary portion of pulmonary tree (7)

A
  1. secondary bronchi
  2. tertiary bronchi
  3. bronchioles
  4. Terminal bronchioles
  5. respiratory bronchioles
  6. alveolar ducts
  7. alveoli
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14
Q

Lamina propria within mucosa of respiratory region contains: (3)

A
  1. rich vascular network
  2. seromucous glands
  3. lymphocytes and other immune cells
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15
Q

Epithelial lining of larynx

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells and stratified squamous

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16
Q

4 layers of trachea

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. hyaline cartilage
  4. adventitia
17
Q

Epithelium of trachea

A

PSCC

18
Q

Epithelium of
Respiratory bronchioles?
Bronchiole + Terminal bronchioles?

A
  1. ciliated cuboidal cells + clara cells proximally –> clara cells distally
  2. PSCC > simple columnar/cuboidal
19
Q

Peripheral boundary of alveolar ducts

A

alveoli

ducts have almost no walls

20
Q

Alveoli sacs

A

spaces surrounded by clusters of alveoli

alveoli open into sacs

21
Q

Sites where gas exchange occurs

A

alveoli

22
Q

Epithelium of type I alveolar cells

A

squamous

23
Q

Epithelium of type II alveolar cells

A

cuboidal

24
Q

What serves as stem cells for type I alveolar cells?

A

type II alveolar cells

25
Q

Alveolar cells that secrete surfactant and proteins that participate in immune function

A

type II alveolar cells

26
Q

Most gas exchange occurs in what portion of the alveolar septum?

A

thin region

27
Q

What does the thin region of the alveolar septum consist of?

A

surfactant
type I epithelium and its basal lamina
an endothelial cell and its basal lamina

28
Q

This portion of the alveolar sac allows cells to intervene between the epithelium of the alveolus and the capillary.

A

thick region

note: macrophages and fibroblasts are among cells in this area

29
Q

Macrophages found in thick part of alveolar septum:

What is their function?

A

dust cells

scavenging inhaled particulate matter

30
Q

What is the function of alveolar macrophages in heart failure?

A

scavenge RBCs

“heart failure cells”

31
Q

What happens to engorged alveolar macrophages? (2 possibilities listed)

A
  1. reach the throat as mucus, where they are swallowed

2. retreat into septum and hang out there with their ingested material for years

32
Q

Macrophages may digest _____, which aren’t digested and may reinfect.

A

tuberculosis

33
Q

What are alveolar pores (of Kohn)? What is their function?

A

openings in interalveolar septa that allow air to pass between the alveoli; this provides air to alveoli where nml air pathway has been obstructed by pathological conditions

34
Q

What is CC16?

A

marker for lung damage that is secreted by Clara cells

Pulmonary (31 decks)

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