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D4 WSET > CRÉMANT - Loire > Flashcards

CRÉMANT - Loire Flashcards

1
Q

How many sparkling wine appellations in the Loire?

A

there are 8 in the Loire

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2
Q

Name three of the most important sparkling wine appellations in the Loire

A

sparkling wine of Vouvray, sparkling wine of Saumur and Crémant de Loire

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3
Q

What is the business link between crémant de Loire (CdL) , sparkling Saumur and some of the champagne houses?

A

-Langlois-Chateau is majority owned by Bollinger

Taittinger has previously owned wineries in the region as has Alfred Gratien

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4
Q

What % of wines in the Loire are sparkling?

A

13% are sparkling

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5
Q

How much has vineyard area declared for crémant de Loire increased between 2012 to 2017?

A

31% increase from 1600ha to 2100ha

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6
Q

Which two districts form the only source of fruit for crémant?

A

Anjou-Saumur and Touraine

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7
Q

Which of the districts and in which area of that district produces the most fruit for crémant?

A

South and SE Saumur

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8
Q

Whats the annual average production of CdL over the past 5 years?

A

112 000 hl

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9
Q

What is the climate in the CdL delimited area and what structural features does it provide in the final wine?

A
  • Cool with Atlantic influences extending through most of the region.
  • Low potential alcohol and high acidity
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10
Q

Which hazards are offered by the weather?

A
  • Untimely rain at flowering, fruit set or harvest

- Fungal diseases

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11
Q

How long is the CdL region?

A

about 200km

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12
Q

What are soils like in CdL area?

A

They differ as it is a vast area.

  • limestone-clay
  • flint-clay
  • sand
  • gravel
  • tuff
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13
Q

What are the principle advantages of the soils in the region in terms of water?

A

High lime an chalk soils drain well and retain water well

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14
Q

How were the tuff caves formed and why are they useful?

A

Tuff was excavated for use as a building material (see Loire castles).
They resulting cellars provide a stable year long temperature and humidity for ageing sparkling wine on the lees

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15
Q

Are clay sites favoured?

A

No. The soils are too cool and lack drainage

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16
Q

High lime soils require specialist rootstocks. Name two.

A
  • Riparia Gloire de Montpelier

- Fercal

17
Q

What is the principle grape used for CdL?

A

Chenin Blanc

18
Q

Name other grapes used for CdL

A
  • Cab franc
  • Cab sauvignon
  • Pineau d’Aunis
  • Grolleau Noir
  • Grolleau Gris
  • Pinot Noir
19
Q

What % of Cab sav and Pinot d’Aunis are allowed in the CdL blend?

A

maximum of 30% separately or together

20
Q

What is the maximum yield in CdL?

A

74hl/ha which is higher than for still wine

21
Q

When do producers declare how much yield will be given over to sparkling wine production?

A

July for crémant

22
Q

winemaking:

what is the most common press used?

A

-pneumatic press

23
Q

winemaking:

Is oak barrel fermentation used at all making CdL

A

yes. In mid to premium priced bottles

eg. Bouvet Ladubay prestige offering - Cuvee Trésor)

24
Q

Wine Laws:

What is the Prestige de Loire and give three of its rules

A
  • a top tier level of CdL, Anjou, Samur and Vouvray appellation
  • PRICE: wines priced over Eu10
  • LEES: minimum 24 month lees ageing
  • STYLES: white wines only
  • GRAPE:S CB, CF, Chardonnay only (single or blend)
  • SUSTAINABILITY: winemakers must achieve an environmental standard as a commitment to sustainability
25
Q

wine business: How is CdL production is dominated by which group?

A

The top 9 merchant houses are responsible for 80% of production

26
Q

winemaking:

which style uses reserve wines?

A

prestige ones like Cuvée Trésor

27
Q

wine business:

How much CdL is sold domestically and how much exported?

A

50:50 split like in Champagne

28
Q

wine business:

What are the main export markets for CdL

A

Germany, USA, UK

29
Q

how much land under vine is given over to Samur vs Vouvray Mousseaux (annual average)?

A

1300 ha vs 1200 ha

30
Q

Which grape is permitted in SM but not in CdL?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

31
Q

What is the difference in harvesting methods and the amount of press wine extracted for mousseux and crémant?

A

Mousseux is mechanically harvested and more press wine can be extracted (100l/130 kg)

32
Q

What grapes may be used in Samur Mousseaux?

A

white sparkling - minimum 60% CB and max 20% SB

rose - minimum 60% CF and max 20% SB

33
Q

What grapes may be used for Vouvray Mousseaux?

A

CB dominant but may blend in a minor amount of ORBOIS, a local grape

34
Q

What is the max yield for Samur vs Vouvray mousseaux?

A

67hl/ha vs 65hl/ha

35
Q

Why do still wine makers in Samur and Vouvray make sparkling wines?

A

Insurance policy., early picking means avoidance of rains later in the season

36
Q

Why do CdL quality minded merchants buy in grapes and not must (eg Bouvet Ladubay)

A

-So they can select the healthy grapes and increase the quality of the final product

D4 WSET (20 decks)

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