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collage need to learn > feeding and nutrition > Flashcards

feeding and nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

what are the six major nutrients

A

protein, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, vitamins and water

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2
Q

what is the function of protein

A

to build and repair muscles as well as maintaining structure

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3
Q

what is the function of carbohydrates

A

they are the main sources of energy

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4
Q

what is the function of fats

A

provides insulation and protection for vital organs

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5
Q

what is the function of minerals

A

they are the structural component of organs and tissue

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6
Q

what is the function of vitamins

A

assists growth, body development and reproduction/ other functions in the body

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7
Q

what is the function of water

A

regulated temperature, removes weight as well as providong cushoning for cells and body

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8
Q

what are unsaturated fats

A

fats which have single bonds in its structure

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9
Q

what are the functions of the digestive system

A

 mechanical and chemical digestion of food

 absorbing food

 assimilation of products to maintain the body

 eliminating solid waste

 regulating body temperature

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10
Q

what is an example mechanical digestion

A

chewing

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11
Q

what is an example chemical digestion

A

enzymes breaking down food

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12
Q

what is ingestion

A

Taking food into the body

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13
Q

what is digestion

A

Breaking food into smaller units

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14
Q

 what is absorption

A

Units pass into the bloodstream

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15
Q

what is excretion

A

Indigestible matter is removed from the body

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16
Q

what is a Monogastric Digestive System

A

a digestive system woth only one stomach and cannot digest cellulos but are adapted to eating grass

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17
Q

describe the small intestine

A

is long but has a narrow diameter. it is where digestion/ breaking down of food occurs

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18
Q

describe the large intestine

A

the large intestine absorbes any remaining water and nutrients befor sending waste products to the recum

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19
Q

what is a Hindgut Fermenter Digestive System

A

One chambers stomached animal, large caecum. Majority of digestion occurs in hindgut. they eat cellulos which will be digested in the stomach and then fermented in the small intestin wothout much of the nutrient being unlocked, it then travles into the cecum which unlockes the nutrients. to then be absorbed in the small intestin. or they then re- eat their excreation. the cellulos then goes back into the small intestin where it can be digested.

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20
Q

what is a Ruminant Digestive System

A

Four chambers stomached animal. Carry out rumination (chewing the cud).

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21
Q

how are Ruminant Digestive System adapted for digestion

A

they are adapted to digest cellulose

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22
Q

when does fermentation occur in a Ruminant Digestive System

A

Fermentation occurs before the small intestinein the specialised rumen

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23
Q

what is the Ruminate definition and process

A

Ruminants swallow food with little chewing. Later they will ruminate.

24
Q

what are the four parts of the stomach in a Ruminant Digestive System

A

rumen, , omasium, reticulum and abomasum

25
Q

what is the first chamber of the stomach in a Ruminant Digestive System

A

First chamber of the stomach is the rumen

26
Q

Which animal has the largest stomach in relation to its digestive tract?

A

cow

27
Q

Which animal has the largest small intestine in relation to its digestive tract

A

pig

28
Q

Which is the only animal to have a crop?

A

hen

29
Q

Which animal has the largest cecum in relation to its digestive tract?

A

horse

30
Q

Which animal has the largest large intestine in relation to its digestive tract?

A

horse

31
Q

What does a monogastric digestive system have?

A

 1 simple stomach

32
Q

What does a low pH do?

A

destroys most bacteria to break down and feed materials

33
Q

Name three common concentrates

A

corn
Barly
Wheat

34
Q

describe  Incisor teeth

A

Chisel-like & sharp used for Biting & cutting tool

35
Q

describe Canine teeth

A

Pointed, curved & long used for Killing prey & tearing flesh

36
Q

describe Pre-molar & molar teeth

A

2 blunted points of cusps used for Crushing & grinding food

37
Q

describe herbivore teeth

A

have teeth that are all simular shape and desighn

38
Q

describe heterodonts teeth

A

have teeth that are all differnt sizes and designs

39
Q

describe deciduous teeth

A

milk teeth that are replaced by a perminet set later

40
Q

what teeth do herbivorios no have

A

canines

41
Q

what does diastema mean

A

the gap between the front teeth and back teeth

42
Q

what is an anate behaviour

A

an instinctive behaviour

43
Q

what is Chemical digestion

A

the digestion which involves digestion enzymes

44
Q

what is Mechanical digestion

A

 Digestion via microorganisms that break down complex molecules into more simple smaller molecules

45
Q

what is Biological digestion

A

Digestion via microorganisms to break down complex nutrients such as cellulose.

46
Q

what is  metabolism

A

The chemical processes in the body’s systems allowing for example, food to be utilised to make new cells and provide energy.

47
Q

what is catabolism

A

Chemical reactions that break down molecules, either to extract energy or to produce simple molecules for constructing others. Glycogen à Glucose

48
Q

what is Anabolism

A

Metabolic reactions that build or assemble more complex molecules from simpler ones. Glucose à Glycogen

49
Q

what are compete foods

A

Nutritionally complete, provides all the nutrients in the amounts and proportions the pet needs.

 

50
Q

what are  complimentary foods

A

Food designed to be a part of the diet but do not meet the nutritional requirements when fed alone.

Must be fed with an additional food types like mixer biscuits for dogs, hay for rabbits, etc.

51
Q

explain the Ruminant Digestive System

A

consists of 6 components: mouth, esophagus, 4 compartment stomach, small intestine, cecum, and large intestine.

52
Q

what is the function of the Oesophagus

A

The oesophagus is a muscular tube. It connects your mouth to your stomach. When you swallow food, the walls of the oesophagus squeeze together. This moves the food down the oesophagus to the stomach. The upper part of the oesophagus is behind the windpipe (trachea).

53
Q

what is the function of the Stomach

A

to store food and release it to the intestines at a rate whereby the intestines can process it. The stomach mixes the food and grinds it into a finely divided chyme that increases the surface area of the food in preparation for digestion.

54
Q

what is the function of the Small intestine

A

to break down and absorb ingested nutrients while mixing and moving the intestinal contents

55
Q

what is the function of the Caecum

A

the muscle tissue of the cecum contracts, causing the liquid products to churn. This churning extracts salts and electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium. These salts are then absorbed into the mucus membrane of the cecum.

56
Q

what is the function of the Large intestine

A

The 4 major functions of the large intestine are: bacterial fermentation of indigestible materials. By the time partially digested foodstuffs reach the end of the small intestine, about 80% of the water content has been absorbed. The colon absorbs most of the remaining water.

collage need to learn (9 decks)

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