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collage need to learn > biology revision for 25th > Flashcards

biology revision for 25th Flashcards

1
Q

describe the capillary network

A

1 cell thick
network structure
required for the diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and waste

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2
Q

describe the structure of veins

A

thin, elastic muscular walls. large lumen

contains valves

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3
Q

what is the function of veins?

A

carries blood back towards the heart

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4
Q

describre the structure of artery’s

A

thick, elastic muscular walls, small lumen

no valves.

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5
Q

what is the function of Artery’s

A

carrys blood away from the heart

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6
Q

what are erthrocytes

A

red blood cells

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7
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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8
Q

how much of the blood is made up of plasma

A

55%

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9
Q

what are the main components of blood?

A

red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
plasma

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10
Q

how much of the blood is made up of white blood cells and platlets?

A

less than 1%

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11
Q

how much of the blood is made up of red blood cells

A

45%

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12
Q

what is the function of white blood cells

A

fight infection, desease and forign bodies

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13
Q

what is the function of red blood cells

A

carry oxygen and food around the body

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14
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

drain excess fluid
aid with fat digestion
transport of materials
immunity

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15
Q

what are the lymphatic structures

A 
Lymph Fluid
Lymph Nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphocytes
Thymus
Spleen
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16
Q

what is endocrinology

A

the study of hormones

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17
Q

what are the endocrine system structures

A 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Pancreas
Adrenal
Ovaries
Testes
Thyroid
Para-thyroid
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18
Q

what are the requirments of receptors on the cell surface?

A

In order for a hormone to create a response in a cell, that cell must have specific receptors on its surface for that particular hormone

19
Q

what is homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

20
Q

what processes are controlled by homeostasis

A 
Glucose regulation
Thermoregulation
Osmoregulation
Blood pressure
Reproductive cycles
21
Q

what is glucose regulation

A

Maintaining a consistent level of sugar in the blood.

22
Q

what are the two jobs of the pancrease

A

exocrine and endocrine

23
Q

what is exocrine?

A

secretes digestive juices into the digestive tract

24
Q

what is endocrine

A

makes hormones to control blood

sugar levels

25
Q

what are affrent nerves

A

sensory nerves

26
Q

what are effrent nerves

A

motor nerves

27
Q

what is the function of the Sclera

in the eye

A

A white fibrous layer that maintains the shape of the eye

28
Q

what is the function of the Rods

in the eye

A

Sensitive to low light and used for black and white vision

29
Q

what is the function of the Lens

in the eye

A

Changes shape to focus light rays onto the retina

30
Q

what is the function of the Retina

in the eye

A

Innermost layer of the eye, contains photoreceptor cells

31
Q

what is the function of the Optic Nerve

in the eye

A

Transmits images from the eye to the brain

32
Q

what is the function of the Cornea

in the eye

A

The first part of the eye to be hit by light rays

33
Q

what is the function of the Cones

in the eye

A

Sensitive to bright light and used for colour vision

34
Q

what is the function of the Iris

in the eye

A

A circular muscle that controls the size of the pupil

35
Q

what is the function of the Pupil

in the eye

A

A hole in the centre of the eye that light rays travel through

36
Q

what is the function of the Ciliary Muscle

in the eye

A

Used to control the shape of the lens

37
Q

what does the forbrain contain

A

ceribral cortex, thalamus, hypothalumus and the limbic system

38
Q

what does the thalamus control?

A

Pain receptors, touch, temperature sensation.

Movement (locomotion).

39
Q

what does the hypothalamus control

A

The function of the autonomic nervous system.
Intellectual and functional signals.
Temperature regulation and osmoregulation

40
Q

what does the limbatic system control

A

Long term memory.
Emotional behaviour.
Olfactory senses (smell

41
Q

how does ecolocation work

A

Animals emit sound waves that are detected when they bounce off objects

Sound waves travel faster through water than air

Used by mammals (cetacaeans and bats)

42
Q

what is ecolocation used for?

A

Can detect location, size and direction of prey movement

Smaller object = fewer waves returned

Moving away = lower pitch

Can determine vertical position using collection of folds in ears

43
Q

how are the soundwaves for ecolocation detected in dolphims?

A

Sound waves are directed using the melon

Lower jaw detects returning waves and is connected to the ear

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