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Soci 399 > Section 1A > Flashcards

Section 1A Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of how sport affects the economy?

A

Salaries, strikes, sports facilities, goods, souvenirs, advertizing, media rights, events, gambling, security and insurance, spin off dollars for restaurants, hotels, transport etc.

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2
Q

What are some examples of how sport influences politics?

A

National unity, patriotism, political propoganda (taking a knee), political rivalries, competing ideologies, olympic movements, cold war games

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3
Q

What was the soccer war?

A

When Honduras and El-Savador had a very contentious soccer game.

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4
Q

How has the olympics been used as a barometer of world politics?

A

1936: Berlin (Hitler beutified it)
1968: Mexico- black power salute of US sprinters Tommy Smith and John Carlos
1972: Munich (killing of 11 Israeli athletes and coaches by Arab black September gunmen)
2008: Beijing- massive opposition due to China’s poor human rights record.

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5
Q

What was the cold war games?

A

When Western nations boycotted the Moscow games to protest the soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

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6
Q

What is the relationship between sport and family?

A

Reciprocal or symbiotic.

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7
Q

What does sport do for the family?

A

Socializes kids and provides a source of recreation, leisure, exercise, fun, travel.

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8
Q

What does the family do for sport?

A

Families provide players, fans, funding, fees, transportation, volunteers, organizers, equipment, snacks.

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9
Q

What are the two ways that sport and education are related?

A

1) Belief that sport encourages certain values

2) The view that sport represents school values

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10
Q

What values is it believed that sport encourages?

A 
Self control and discipline
Fair play
Health
School integration
Loyalty to school
Educational goals
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11
Q

What is muscular christianity?

A

A philosophical code stemming from English public schools of the 18th and 19th centuries, integrating exercise and sport with the religious and moral development of students.

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12
Q

How do we know that sport represents school values?

A

Size of athletic facilities, wearing of school symbols by teams, high status of athletes, budgets, trophies, and pages and photos in yearbooks.

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13
Q

What is the Knight Commission (USA, since 2000)?

A

Established by former elite level sports administrators and university personnel to monitor the often disproportionally low graduation rates of US college athletes, especially in sports like basketball and football.

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14
Q

When did the first official Olympic marathon race for women take place?

A

1984 at the Los Angeles olympic games.

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15
Q

What is the idea of sport as a “male preserve”? (Dunning)

A

Sport provides a place for males in particular to discover, display, and initiate masculinity.

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16
Q

What do sociologists believe about sport with regards to masculinity and femininity?

A

Sport mythologizes these concepts by emphasizing diametrically opposed and exaggerated versions of both.

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17
Q

What is the idea of father wounds (Connell)?

A

Overbearing male parents often intimidate their sons in sports settings.

18
Q

What are the 3 sociological approaches to the relationship between sport and religion?

A

1) Sports link with organized religion
2) Sports as secular religion
3) Emile Durkheim

19
Q

How are sports linked to organized religion?

A

Athletic creed and muscular Christianity- some teams use particular churches to promote causes and affiliations, boxing and religion, physicality, morality, and religion come together.

20
Q

How is sport seen as a secular religion?

A

Sport is seen to be replete with certain beliefs, hierarchies, symbols, rituals, morality, and superstition. Stadium as the church, players as the idols, fans as worshippers.

21
Q

How did Emile Durkheim influence the area of sport?

A

Sacred and profane- the formally and informally reverent entities in society. Also encouraged us to think about important cultural artifacts and processes as totemic, similar to indigenous totem poles representing different aspects of culture.

22
Q

What is the macro perspective on sport and sociology?

A

Sport comes from ideas of the powerful and mirrors what they would like life to be like. Focuses on structure- social class, power, race, age etc.

23
Q

What is the micro perspective on sport and sociology?

A

Sport refers to ones experiences, identites, and meanings evolving from sport settings, emphasis on agency.

24
Q

What is an example of how sport is entwined with culture?

A

Cockfighting in Indonesia- deeply entwined with codes of manliness, honour, and respect.

25
Q

What must be culturally meaningful in order for a sport to prosper?

A

Setting and form.

26
Q

What is setting?

A

The place/location the sport takes place

27
Q

What is form?

A

The format of the sport and the way it occurs.

28
Q

What is an example of how setting and form must be adjusted in order for a sport to prosper?

A

North American Football: Evolved from British rugby
Setting: Appropriate (at the start of the 20th century, both cultures wanted some version of football)
Form: wasn’t quite right, and this produced variance in number of players, size of field, goalpost placement, ball, rules, style of play, typical scores, salaries.

29
Q

How does sport help to inform cultural ideology according to Coakley?

A

Through sport we can learn how we define pleasure, pain, excellence, body, sexuality, masculinity, femininity, what is important to us.

30
Q

What is cultural ideology?

A

Specific cultural ways of understanding and thinking.

31
Q

What is social incorporation or reproduction?

A

Ways of mirroring or reproducing existing social structures

32
Q

What is social transformation?

A

When social structures and processes are challenged and changed.

33
Q

What is praxis according to marx?

A

A process whereby a theory, lesson, or philosophy is enacted or realized.

34
Q

How does sport relate to praxis?

A

Sport provides a context for praxis which might result in social change.

35
Q

How are sports shown to be socially stratified?

A

Various sports have clear social classes, race, and gender associations (NBA, country club sports)

36
Q

How does sport play a role in socialization?

A

Pre-socialization and de-socialization (have to learn how to be part of groups and unlearn how to be part of them through sport)

37
Q

What recognized social movements are attached to sport?

A

Anti-violence, feminism, civil rights, gay rights, scientization, globalization, sport, social development, and peace, animal rights.

38
Q

When did the subdiscipline of sociology of sport emerge?

A

Late 1950s.

39
Q

What are the main organizations for the study of sport in sociology?

A
  • International Sociology of Sport Association
  • North American Society for the Sociology of Sport
  • Korean Sociology of Sport Society/Japanese
40
Q

What are the main journals for the study of sport in sociology?

A
  • Sociology of sport journal
  • International Review for the Sociology of Sport
  • Journal of Sport and Social Issues

Soci 399 (25 decks)

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