1.05 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the Cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

A closed-circuit system composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood.

Question 2

What is another name for the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

The circulatory system.

Question 3

Describe the places blood travels in the circulatory system in order.

Answer 3

Blood travels from the heart into the arteries, then to the capillaries, then into the veins, and then back to the heart.

Question 4

What is an artery?

Answer 4

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to viral organs and the extremities.

Question 5

What are capillaries?

Answer 5

The smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system.

Question 6

What are veins?

Answer 6

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from vital organs and the extremities.

Question 7

What two systems work together to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body’s tissues while removing waste, such as carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products?

Answer 7

The cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Question 8

What is the fluid component of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

Blood.

Question 9

What is plasma?

Answer 9

The liquid portion of blood.

Question 10

What is a hormone?

Answer 10

A chemical substance produced and released by an endocrine gland and transported through the blood to a target organ.

Question 11

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 11

.The body’s preferred energy source. Dietary sources include sugars (simple) and grains, rice, potatoes, and beans (complex). Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood as glucose.

Question 12

What are amino acids?

Answer 12

Nitrogen-containing compounds that are the building blocks of protein.

Question 13

What are lipids?

Answer 13

The name for fats used in the body and bloodstream.

Question 14

What are ions?

Answer 14

A single atom or small molecule containing a net positive or negative charge due to an excess of either protons (positive) or electrons (negative).

Question 15

What things is blood responsible for carrying across the body?

Answer 15

Hormones, plasma proteins, food materials, ions, and gases.

Question 16

What two systems are capillaries connected to?

Answer 16

The arterial and venous systems.

Question 17

What are the reformed elements that form the portion of blood that is not plasma?

Answer 17

Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Question 18

What are platelets?

Answer 18

The disc-shaped components of blood; involved in clotting.

Question 19

What is blood’s primary function?

Answer 19

Transportation

Question 20

What are two other important roles for the cardiovascular system?

Answer 20

Temperature regulation and acid-base balance

Question 21

What transports the blood across the body?

Answer 21

Blood vessels

Question 22

What are the five types of blood vessels?

Answer 22

Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, and capillaries.

Question 23

Which blood vessels carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart?

Answer 23

Arteries and arterioles

Question 24

Which blood vessels return oxygen-poor blood to the heart?

Answer 24

Veins and venules

Question 25

Which blood vessels are the first to carry the blood away from the heart?

Answer 25

Arteries

Question 26

Which blood vessels are formed as arteries branch into a "tree" of these smaller microscopic vessels?

Answer 26

Arterioles

Question 27

What type of blood vessel is the aorta?

Answer 27

Artery

Question 28

What condition is characterized by the hardening of the arteries and narrowing of arteries due to plaque accumulation?

Answer 28

Arteriosclerosis

Question 29

Which blood vessels are formed when arterioles develop into "beds" of much smaller structures?

Answer 29

Capillaries

Question 30

What is an artery?

Answer 30

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to vital organs and the extremities.

Question 31

What are arterioles?

Answer 31

Small-diameter blood vessels that extend and branch out from an artery and lead to capillaries; the primary site of vascular resistance.

Question 32

What are capillaries?

Answer 32

The smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system.

Question 33

Which blood vessels serve as the connection between the arterial and venous systems?

Answer 33

Capillaries

Question 34

What two exchanges do capillaries very thin walls allow?

Answer 34

Materials between the blood, and interstitial fluid between the cells.

Question 35

What is interstitial fluid?

Answer 35

Fluid between the cells of body parts.

Question 36

Do arterial or venous vessels have thinner less elastic walls?

Answer 36

Venous vessels

Question 37

Which blood vessels carry the blood away from the capillary beds?

Answer 37

Small venous vessels called venules.

Question 38

Which blood vessels are formed as venules lead back toward the heart and become bigger in size?

Answer 38

Veins

Question 39

What are venules?

Answer 39

Smaller divisions of veins

Question 40

What are veins?

Answer 40

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from the vital organs and the extremities.

Question 41

Describe the location of the heart.

Answer 41

It is located between the lungs and lies just left of center behind the sternum.

Question 42

What is the approximate size of an adult heart?

Answer 42

A closed fist.

Question 43

What are the four chambers that the heart is divided into?

Answer 43

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle

Question 44

Which chambers are paired together to form the two pumps within the heart?

Answer 44

Right atrium with right ventricle, and left atrium with left ventricle.

Question 45

Which two chambers of the heart are responsible for pulmonary circulation?

Answer 45

Right atrium and right ventricle

Question 46

Which two chambers of the heart are responsible for systemic circulation?

Answer 46

Left atrium and left ventricle

Question 47

Describe the role and location of the atria.

Answer 47

The receiving chambers located superior to the larger ventricles

Question 48

Describe the role and location of the ventricles.

Answer 48

The propulsion chambers located inferior to the smaller atria.

Question 49

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

Answer 49

A muscular wall, called the interventricular septum.

Question 50

What is the role of the interventricular septum?

Answer 50

To prevent the mixing of blood from the two sides of the heart.

Question 51

What must the heart have to function as a pump?

Answer 51

Receiving and propulsion chambers, and valves.

Question 52

What is the role of valves inside the heart?

Answer 52

To direct blood flow through the heart

Question 53

Which type of chamber in the heart receives blood first within one pump?

Answer 53

Atria

Question 54

Which type of chamber in the heart receives blood second within one pump?

Answer 54

Ventricle

Question 55

What connects each of the atria to each of the ventricles?

Answer 55

Atrioventricular valves

Question 56

Which side of the heart receives the deoxygenated blood?

Answer 56

The right side

Question 57

Which side of the heart receives the newly oxygenated blood?

Answer 57

The left side

Question 58

What receives the blood in between the right and left side of the heart?

Answer 58

The lungs.

Question 59

What is the process in which blood is pumped from the right side of the heart into the lungs?

Answer 59

The pulmonary circuit

Question 60

What is the process in which blood is passed from the lungs into the left side of the heart?

Answer 60

The systemic circuit

Question 61

Which side of the heart receives blood from the venous system?

Answer 61

The right side

Question 62

What are the blood vessels that carry the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

Answer 62

Pulmonary arteries (only exception to O2 rule)

Question 63

What are the blood vessels that carry the newly oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?

Answer 63

Pulmonary veins (only exception to O2 rule)

Question 64

What is the term for the period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next?

Answer 64

The cardiac cycle

Question 65

In what sequence does the heart perform its pumping actions?

Answer 65

Simultaneously (atria, then ventricles)

Question 66

What is the approximate time after the atria contract that both ventricles contract to deliver blood to the pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Answer 66

0.1 seconds

Question 67

What is the contraction phase during the cardiac cycle?

Answer 67

Systole

Question 68

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood leaves the ventricles?

Answer 68

Systole

Question 69

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does blood fill the ventricles?

Answer 69

Diastole

Question 70

What is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 70

Diastole

Question 71

What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

Answer 71

The contraction phase (systole), and the relaxation phase (diastole)

Question 72

Aside from distributing oxygen and nutrients to the cells, list the other major functions of the cardiovascular system.

Answer 72

1. Caries carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the cells; 2. Maintains acid-base balance; 3. Helps regulate body temperature.