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World Politics > Speech Unit 3 > Flashcards

Speech Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Stage Fright

A

the nervousness felt when appearing as a speaker or performer before an
audience

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2
Q

Tension

A

mental or nervous strain; apprehension

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3
Q

Controlled Stage Fright

A

the realization that a feeling of tension is natural and can actually
sharpen thinking, so that nervousness can be regulated

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4
Q

Runaway Stage Fright

A

feelings of anxiety that are so intense that one loses control;
the loss of control of the feelings of anxiety experienced before or during a speech or
performance

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5
Q

Lack of Confidence

A

a feeling of inadequacy often experienced when the symptoms of
stage fright are uncontrolled

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6
Q

Overconfidence

A

feeling self-assured without adequate reason or preparation

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7
Q

Platform Movement

A

the movement of the entire body while speaking

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8
Q

How can controlled stage fright help a speaker?

A

Stage fright causes internal tension that supercharges your brain and body muscles

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9
Q

Name two causes of uncontrolled stage fright

A
  1. lack of confidence

2. poor preparation combined with overconfidence

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10
Q

How can thorough preparation for a public speech can reduce nervousness?

A

Stage-fright is mostly caused by lack of confidence, preparation can help guarantee that
the majority of the speech will go smoothly and will have little fear of something unplanned
happening. This also helps during the speech.

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11
Q

How can physical movements help to reduce stage fright?

A

Physical movements reduce tension

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12
Q

Symptom: trembling hands and

a rattling manuscript

A

Solution: Use note cards place them on the lectern and put each card a side
when it has been used

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13
Q

Symptom: stumbling over

words

A

Solution: slow down speaking rate until the problem disappears

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14
Q

Symptom: the feeling that you
can’t get enough
breadth

A

Solution: speak slowly
take longer pauses between sentences
breath from your diaphragm through your nose

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15
Q

Symptom: unwillingness to

look at the audience

A

Solution: at first don’t look directly at individuals, look above their heads or to
one side of their face. Later pick the friendliest face and look first at
them.

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16
Q

Symptom: excessive

perspiration

A

Solution: ignore it

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17
Q

Symptom: cold hands and feet

A

Solution: make some platform movement and gestures

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18
Q

Symptom: hoarse or squeaky

voice

A

Solution: before a speech record yourself practicing so you can fix the problems.
during a speech, ignore it

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19
Q

Symptom: dry mouth

A

Solution: speak slowly to avoid getting tongue tied- Do not lick your lips

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20
Q

Symptom: tense muscles

A

Solution: use platform movement and gestures

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21
Q

Symptom: cramps, butterflies,

or stomach noises

A

Solution: ignore them as much as possible

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22
Q

Symptom: wanting to return to

your seat

A

Solution: resist

experience helps

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23
Q

Symptom: feeling inferior

A

Solution: dress in the outfit that makes you look your best

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24
Q

audience analysis

A

learning everything you can about the background, attitudes, and
interest of the people who will listen to you

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25
Q

specific purpose

A

the intention of a speaker

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26
Q

purpose sentence

A

a sentence stating the specific point of the speech

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27
Q

testimony

A

the quoting or restating of opinion of other to support a point

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28
Q

narrative

A

supporting material in the form of a story, either real or imaginary

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29
Q

card catalogue

A

the alphabetical listing by author, title, or subject of all books located in a
library

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30
Q

title card

A

a card listing a book by title in a library card catalogue

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31
Q

author card

A

a card in a library card catalogue listing a book by the author’s name

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32
Q

call number

A

an identification number printed on each library book and on each title,
author, or subject card in a library card catalogue

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33
Q

subject card

A

a card listing a book by subject in a library card catalogue

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34
Q

reference section

A

the area of a library containing works such as encyclopedias, indexes,
dictionaries, and other books used to find specific information

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35
Q

computerized research services

A

a special library resource that helps locate obscure or

specialized information rapidly through the use of a computer

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36
Q

chronological pattern

A

an organizational arrangement of the movement of a dance

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37
Q

spatial pattern

A

in a speech, the organization of ideas by order in space

38
Q

problem-solution pattern

A

a type of speech organization in which the first part of the

speech describes the problem and the second part develops the solutions

39
Q

monroe’s motivated sequence

A

a type of speech organization consisting of five steps-

attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

40
Q

string-of-beads pattern

A

a type of speech organization consisting of a series of items
strung together like beads on a string and tied loosely to a central theme, used mainly
for entertaining

41
Q

main heads

A

the major divisions of an outline

42
Q

subheads

A

the subdivisions of the main head in an outline

43
Q

pattern of ideas

A

the flow of the main points of the speech

44
Q

what should you know about your audience before you begin to prepare your speech

A

●does the audience already know much about the topic
●what can you say that he audience doesn’t know already
●will the topic interest some audience members more than others
●if you take a stand on the issue will the audience agree
●if the audience does not agree, what interest or needs do they have through which you might change their mind

45
Q

Explain some typical patterns of organization used in developing a speech

A

●Chronological pattern- proceeds from past to present to future
●Spatial pattern- in a speech, the organization of ideas by order in space
●Topical pattern- subject is broken down into its natural parts
●Problem-solution pattern- first half of the speech used to describe the problem and the second half of the speech develops solution(s)
●Monroe’s Motivated Sequence pattern
●String-of-bead pattern- series of stories, jokes or anecdotes tied loosely to some weak central theme

46
Q

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence pattern:

A
  1. The Attention Step- getting the audience’s attention
  2. The Need Step- get the audience to realize unmet needs
  3. The Satisfaction Step- present an opinion or solution that will satisfy unmet needs
  4. The Visualization Step- help the audience see the change that will occur
  5. The Action Step- tell the audience what action they must take
47
Q

Explain the function of a purpose sentence

A

A purpose sentence states the specific point of the speech.

48
Q

why is it important to rehearse a speech several times

A

● prepares you
● you can develop from an outline or notecards to a more firmly memorized speech
● you can practice platform movement, and gestures and fix any problems

49
Q

Name some physical skills you should work on during rehearsals for speeches

A 
●proper breathing 
●clear articulation 
●voice projection
●good timing
●correct synchronization of words with body movements
50
Q

concrete words-

A

words that enable the listener to perceive the idea by means of senses

51
Q

abstract words

A

words that cannot be perceived directly through the senses; opposite of
concrete words

52
Q

specific words

A

words that refer to a limited class of objects

53
Q

economy of language

A

the use of as few words as necessary to state ideas clearly

54
Q

rhetorical questions

A

questions that are not meant to be answered aloud

55
Q

parallelism

A

the beginning or ending of several nearby sentences with the same single
word or short phrase

56
Q

climax ordering

A

stating items in a series moving from less significant to more significant
and ending with the most important item

57
Q

figures of speech

A

phrases and sentences that make a point by stating something in a
way that is not to be taken literally

58
Q

simile

A

a figure of speech that presents a brief comparison of two basically unlike things
using the words like or as

59
Q

metaphor

A

a figure of speech containing direct comparison that omits the words like or
as

60
Q

analogy

A

n public speaking, an extended comparison; in debate, a proof of the truth of
something by showing its similarity to something else

61
Q

hyperbole

A

a figure of speech that consists of exaggeration used to emphasize a point

62
Q

understatement

A

a figure of speech highlighting the significant by treating it as insignificant

63
Q

irony

A

a figure of speech in which the literal meaning expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended

64
Q

euphemism

A

a gentle expression for a harsh or unpleasant reality

65
Q

cliche

A

a brief expression of an idea or truth, one that has become almost meaningless
through overuse

66
Q

stereotyping

A

assigning qualities to people or objects, because they are part of a general
group, without considering individual differences

67
Q

slang

A

informal language, outside of conventional or standard usage, which often comes
in and goes out of style very rapidly

68
Q

Identify five ways in which spoken language differs from written language

A
  1. Spoken language makes greater use of short and simple words
  2. Spoken language tends to be more concrete, less abstract
  3. Spoken language is usually specific
  4. Spoken language is usually specific
  5. Spoken language generally includes fewer unnecessary words
69
Q

Name four characteristic of clear language

A
  1. Working is short and simple
  2. Concrete
  3. Uses specific words
  4. Restates main ideas
70
Q

Explain the best way to achieve economy of language

A

Getting rid of unnecessary words

71
Q

Identify five problems to avoid in spoken language

A
  1. Unintentional Connotations
  2. Euphemisms (frequently)
  3. Cliches
  4. Steretypes
  5. Slang
72
Q

Describe the circumstance in which slang can be used effectively in a speech.

A

Once in a while to create an informal atmosphere, novelty or humor.

73
Q

manuscript method

A

a type of speech delivery in which the speech is read to the

audience

74
Q

memorization method

A

a type of speech delivery in which the manuscript is learned and
then delivered word-for-word without the use of manuscript

75
Q

extemporaneous method

A

a type of speech delivery in which speakers prepare ideas for
their speeches but do not memorize exact words

76
Q

impromptu method

A

a type of speech delivery in which the speaker talks “off the cuff”,
with little or no prior preparation

77
Q

emphatic gestures

A

hand and arm movement used during a speech to stress what a

speaker is saying

78
Q

transitional gestures

A

hand and arm movement used by a speaker to show movement

from one part of a speech to another

79
Q

descriptive gestures

A

hand and arm movements used by a speaker to indicate

characteristics of an object, such as size or shape

80
Q

locative gestures

A

hand and arm movements used by a speaker to direct the listener’s
attention to a place, object, or person

81
Q

monotone

A

speaking successive syllables or words without a change of pitch

82
Q

vocalized pause

A

the habit of filling in time between words or sentences with “uh” and
similar sounds

83
Q

articulation

A

the way in which the articulators are used to produce speech sounds; the
process of forming sounds into words

84
Q

pronunciation

A

the production of correct sounds and syllable stresses when speaking

85
Q

lectern

A

a speaker’s stand

86
Q

lavalier microphone

A

a microphone that hands around the neck

87
Q

Describe the parts of a speech that should be memorized

A

●introductory remarks/ introduction

● conclusions

88
Q

Name the most important reasons for keeping eye contact with an audience

A

●If you look directly into their eyes they fell as if you are focusing your attention on them
●Monitor feedback

89
Q

List several reasons for using platform movement

A

●to get closer to the audience
●show confidentiality/intimacy
●emphasize change to a new topic/section of the speech
●create visual variety

90
Q

Describe several ways to end a speech

A

●pause after your final sentence while still facing the audience, the walk to your seat in an
appropriate manner
●if the speech is serious a serious return is appropriate
●if the speech is light a cheerful return

91
Q

Describe the proper way in which to use a lectern

A

●to hold the speaker’s notes
●do not support yourself on the lectern ●you can rest both hands one or both hands on the lectern _not grasp
●foot should be clat on the floor behind the stand
●speaker should lay papers on the stand at the beginning and take them off at the end
●papers and note cards should be organized beforehand

World Politics (4 decks)

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