Speech Unit 3

Question 1

Stage Fright

Answer 1

the nervousness felt when appearing as a speaker or performer before an
audience

Question 2

Tension

Answer 2

mental or nervous strain; apprehension

Question 3

Controlled Stage Fright

Answer 3

the realization that a feeling of tension is natural and can actually
sharpen thinking, so that nervousness can be regulated

Question 4

Runaway Stage Fright

Answer 4

feelings of anxiety that are so intense that one loses control;
the loss of control of the feelings of anxiety experienced before or during a speech or
performance

Question 5

Lack of Confidence

Answer 5

a feeling of inadequacy often experienced when the symptoms of
stage fright are uncontrolled

Question 6

Overconfidence

Answer 6

feeling self-assured without adequate reason or preparation

Question 7

Platform Movement

Answer 7

the movement of the entire body while speaking

Question 8

How can controlled stage fright help a speaker?

Answer 8

Stage fright causes internal tension that supercharges your brain and body muscles

Question 9

Name two causes of uncontrolled stage fright

Answer 9

1. lack of confidence

2. poor preparation combined with overconfidence

Question 10

How can thorough preparation for a public speech can reduce nervousness?

Answer 10

Stage-fright is mostly caused by lack of confidence, preparation can help guarantee that
the majority of the speech will go smoothly and will have little fear of something unplanned
happening. This also helps during the speech.

Question 11

How can physical movements help to reduce stage fright?

Answer 11

Physical movements reduce tension

Question 12

Symptom: trembling hands and

a rattling manuscript

Answer 12

Solution: Use note cards place them on the lectern and put each card a side
when it has been used

Question 13

Symptom: stumbling over

words

Answer 13

Solution: slow down speaking rate until the problem disappears

Question 14

Symptom: the feeling that you
can’t get enough
breadth

Answer 14

Solution: speak slowly
take longer pauses between sentences
breath from your diaphragm through your nose

Question 15

Symptom: unwillingness to

look at the audience

Answer 15

Solution: at first don’t look directly at individuals, look above their heads or to
one side of their face. Later pick the friendliest face and look first at
them.

Question 16

Symptom: excessive

perspiration

Answer 16

Solution: ignore it

Question 17

Symptom: cold hands and feet

Answer 17

Solution: make some platform movement and gestures

Question 18

Symptom: hoarse or squeaky

voice

Answer 18

Solution: before a speech record yourself practicing so you can fix the problems.
during a speech, ignore it

Question 19

Symptom: dry mouth

Answer 19

Solution: speak slowly to avoid getting tongue tied- Do not lick your lips

Question 20

Symptom: tense muscles

Answer 20

Solution: use platform movement and gestures

Question 21

Symptom: cramps, butterflies,

or stomach noises

Answer 21

Solution: ignore them as much as possible

Question 22

Symptom: wanting to return to

your seat

Answer 22

Solution: resist

experience helps

Question 23

Symptom: feeling inferior

Answer 23

Solution: dress in the outfit that makes you look your best

Question 24

audience analysis

Answer 24

learning everything you can about the background, attitudes, and
interest of the people who will listen to you

Question 25

specific purpose

Answer 25

the intention of a speaker

Question 26

purpose sentence

Answer 26

a sentence stating the specific point of the speech

Question 27

testimony

Answer 27

the quoting or restating of opinion of other to support a point

Question 28

narrative

Answer 28

supporting material in the form of a story, either real or imaginary

Question 29

card catalogue

Answer 29

the alphabetical listing by author, title, or subject of all books located in a library

Question 30

title card

Answer 30

a card listing a book by title in a library card catalogue

Question 31

author card

Answer 31

a card in a library card catalogue listing a book by the author’s name

Question 32

call number

Answer 32

an identification number printed on each library book and on each title, author, or subject card in a library card catalogue

Question 33

subject card

Answer 33

a card listing a book by subject in a library card catalogue

Question 34

reference section

Answer 34

the area of a library containing works such as encyclopedias, indexes, dictionaries, and other books used to find specific information

Question 35

computerized research services

Answer 35

a special library resource that helps locate obscure or | specialized information rapidly through the use of a computer

Question 36

chronological pattern

Answer 36

an organizational arrangement of the movement of a dance

Question 37

spatial pattern

Answer 37

in a speech, the organization of ideas by order in space

Question 38

problem-solution pattern

Answer 38

a type of speech organization in which the first part of the | speech describes the problem and the second part develops the solutions

Question 39

monroe’s motivated sequence

Answer 39

a type of speech organization consisting of five steps- | attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, and action

Question 40

string-of-beads pattern

Answer 40

a type of speech organization consisting of a series of items strung together like beads on a string and tied loosely to a central theme, used mainly for entertaining

Question 41

main heads

Answer 41

the major divisions of an outline

Question 42

subheads

Answer 42

the subdivisions of the main head in an outline

Question 43

pattern of ideas

Answer 43

the flow of the main points of the speech

Question 44

what should you know about your audience before you begin to prepare your speech

Answer 44

●does the audience already know much about the topic ●what can you say that he audience doesn’t know already ●will the topic interest some audience members more than others ●if you take a stand on the issue will the audience agree ●if the audience does not agree, what interest or needs do they have through which you might change their mind

Question 45

Explain some typical patterns of organization used in developing a speech

Answer 45

●Chronological pattern- proceeds from past to present to future ●Spatial pattern- in a speech, the organization of ideas by order in space ●Topical pattern- subject is broken down into its natural parts ●Problem-solution pattern- first half of the speech used to describe the problem and the second half of the speech develops solution(s) ●Monroe’s Motivated Sequence pattern ●String-of-bead pattern- series of stories, jokes or anecdotes tied loosely to some weak central theme

Question 46

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence pattern:

Answer 46

1. The Attention Step- getting the audience’s attention 2. The Need Step- get the audience to realize unmet needs 3. The Satisfaction Step- present an opinion or solution that will satisfy unmet needs 4. The Visualization Step- help the audience see the change that will occur 5. The Action Step- tell the audience what action they must take

Question 47

Explain the function of a purpose sentence

Answer 47

A purpose sentence states the specific point of the speech.

Question 48

why is it important to rehearse a speech several times

Answer 48

● prepares you ● you can develop from an outline or notecards to a more firmly memorized speech ● you can practice platform movement, and gestures and fix any problems

Question 49

Name some physical skills you should work on during rehearsals for speeches

Answer 49

``` ●proper breathing ●clear articulation ●voice projection ●good timing ●correct synchronization of words with body movements ```

Question 50

concrete words-

Answer 50

words that enable the listener to perceive the idea by means of senses

Question 51

abstract words

Answer 51

words that cannot be perceived directly through the senses; opposite of concrete words

Question 52

specific words

Answer 52

words that refer to a limited class of objects

Question 53

economy of language

Answer 53

the use of as few words as necessary to state ideas clearly

Question 54

rhetorical questions

Answer 54

questions that are not meant to be answered aloud

Question 55

parallelism

Answer 55

the beginning or ending of several nearby sentences with the same single word or short phrase

Question 56

climax ordering

Answer 56

stating items in a series moving from less significant to more significant and ending with the most important item

Question 57

figures of speech

Answer 57

phrases and sentences that make a point by stating something in a way that is not to be taken literally

Question 58

simile

Answer 58

a figure of speech that presents a brief comparison of two basically unlike things using the words like or as

Question 59

metaphor

Answer 59

a figure of speech containing direct comparison that omits the words like or as

Question 60

analogy

Answer 60

n public speaking, an extended comparison; in debate, a proof of the truth of something by showing its similarity to something else

Question 61

hyperbole

Answer 61

a figure of speech that consists of exaggeration used to emphasize a point

Question 62

understatement

Answer 62

a figure of speech highlighting the significant by treating it as insignificant

Question 63

irony

Answer 63

a figure of speech in which the literal meaning expressed is the opposite of the meaning intended

Question 64

euphemism

Answer 64

a gentle expression for a harsh or unpleasant reality

Question 65

cliche

Answer 65

a brief expression of an idea or truth, one that has become almost meaningless through overuse

Question 66

stereotyping

Answer 66

assigning qualities to people or objects, because they are part of a general group, without considering individual differences

Question 67

slang

Answer 67

informal language, outside of conventional or standard usage, which often comes in and goes out of style very rapidly

Question 68

Identify five ways in which spoken language differs from written language

Answer 68

1. Spoken language makes greater use of short and simple words 2. Spoken language tends to be more concrete, less abstract 3. Spoken language is usually specific 4. Spoken language is usually specific 5. Spoken language generally includes fewer unnecessary words

Question 69

Name four characteristic of clear language

Answer 69

1. Working is short and simple 2. Concrete 3. Uses specific words 4. Restates main ideas

Question 70

Explain the best way to achieve economy of language

Answer 70

Getting rid of unnecessary words

Question 71

Identify five problems to avoid in spoken language

Answer 71

1. Unintentional Connotations 2. Euphemisms (frequently) 3. Cliches 4. Steretypes 5. Slang

Question 72

Describe the circumstance in which slang can be used effectively in a speech.

Answer 72

Once in a while to create an informal atmosphere, novelty or humor.

Question 73

manuscript method

Answer 73

a type of speech delivery in which the speech is read to the | audience

Question 74

memorization method

Answer 74

a type of speech delivery in which the manuscript is learned and then delivered word-for-word without the use of manuscript

Question 75

extemporaneous method

Answer 75

a type of speech delivery in which speakers prepare ideas for their speeches but do not memorize exact words

Question 76

impromptu method

Answer 76

a type of speech delivery in which the speaker talks “off the cuff”, with little or no prior preparation

Question 77

emphatic gestures

Answer 77

hand and arm movement used during a speech to stress what a | speaker is saying

Question 78

transitional gestures

Answer 78

hand and arm movement used by a speaker to show movement | from one part of a speech to another

Question 79

descriptive gestures

Answer 79

hand and arm movements used by a speaker to indicate | characteristics of an object, such as size or shape

Question 80

locative gestures

Answer 80

hand and arm movements used by a speaker to direct the listener’s attention to a place, object, or person

Question 81

monotone

Answer 81

speaking successive syllables or words without a change of pitch

Question 82

vocalized pause

Answer 82

the habit of filling in time between words or sentences with “uh” and similar sounds

Question 83

articulation

Answer 83

the way in which the articulators are used to produce speech sounds; the process of forming sounds into words

Question 84

pronunciation

Answer 84

the production of correct sounds and syllable stresses when speaking

Question 85

lectern

Answer 85

a speaker’s stand

Question 86

lavalier microphone

Answer 86

a microphone that hands around the neck

Question 87

Describe the parts of a speech that should be memorized

Answer 87

●introductory remarks/ introduction | ● conclusions

Question 88

Name the most important reasons for keeping eye contact with an audience

Answer 88

●If you look directly into their eyes they fell as if you are focusing your attention on them ●Monitor feedback

Question 89

List several reasons for using platform movement

Answer 89

●to get closer to the audience ●show confidentiality/intimacy ●emphasize change to a new topic/section of the speech ●create visual variety

Question 90

Describe several ways to end a speech

Answer 90

●pause after your final sentence while still facing the audience, the walk to your seat in an appropriate manner ●if the speech is serious a serious return is appropriate ●if the speech is light a cheerful return

Question 91

Describe the proper way in which to use a lectern

Answer 91

●to hold the speaker’s notes ●do not support yourself on the lectern ●you can rest both hands one or both hands on the lectern _not grasp ●foot should be clat on the floor behind the stand ●speaker should lay papers on the stand at the beginning and take them off at the end ●papers and note cards should be organized beforehand