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RD exam > 10 > Flashcards

10 Flashcards

1
Q

Need to use ____ formula for short bowel syndrome

A

elemental

if not tolerating EN/elemental feeds, need to do TPN

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2
Q

if jejunum is resected, ____ can still absorb nutrients

A

ileum

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3
Q

Diet for pancreatitis should be low ____

A

fat (<20g)

PERT therapy for fat malabsorption

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4
Q

In acute pancreatitis, ASPEN guidelines are to use isotonic, polymeric first, then ____ formula

A

elemental

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5
Q

Somogyi effect means blood sugar levels are ____ in the middle of the night

A

low

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6
Q

Dawn phenomenon it’s when blood sugar levels are ____ at dawn or upon waking

A

high

to prevent have a bedtime snack

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7
Q

The biggest component in care with diabetes type I is using carbohydrate ____

A

counting

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8
Q

If exercising and utilizing glucose more, insulin may need to be ____ to prevent ____

A

reduced

hypoglycemia

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9
Q

metformin can cause ___ deficiency

A

B12

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10
Q

The biggest component of care in diabetes type 2 is using ____ and ____

A

exchange list

controlling calories

Fasting BG target = 80-130 mg/dL

> 126 is high

H1Ac 6.5 > diabetes (can’t go under 6.5 if you have diabetes)

5.7 - 6.4 pre-diabetes

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11
Q

Protein has ____g of protein per oz

A

7

protein has 7 letters

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12
Q

Fat has ___g of fat per tsp of oil

A

5

fatty has 5 letters

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13
Q

carbohydrates have ___g of carbohydrates per serving

A

15

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14
Q

starches have ____kcal per serving

A

80

starches has 8 letters

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15
Q

fruits have ___kcal per serving

A

60

fruits has 6 letters

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16
Q

Veggies have ____ kcal per serving, ___g of pro and ___g of CHO per serving

A

25 kcal
2g of pro
5g of CHO

(ve-ggies = 2 letters and 5 letters = 25)

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17
Q

Oil has ___ tsp in 1 tbsp

A

3

oil has 3 letters

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18
Q

In gestational diabetes, a pregnant woman needs ____g of CHO per day

A

175

19
Q

In gestational diabetes, a pregnant woman should consume ____g of CHO in the breakfast meal

A

15-30

1-2 choices

20
Q

General recommendation for CHO % in gestational diabetes is ____ % - ____ %

A

35-45

21
Q

glycemic load means the amount of ____ per serving

A

carbohydrates

22
Q

Novolog and Humolog are examples of ____ insulin

A

rapid-acting

begins to work 15 min after injection
peaks in about an hour
continues to work for 4 hours (15min x 4 = 1 hour)

23
Q

Regular or short-acting insulin reaches the bloodstream in ___min after injection, peaks anywhere from 2-3 hours after injection and it’s effective for ___-___ hours

A

30 min

3-6 hours

Humulin R, Novolin R (R = regular)

24
Q

Intermediate-acting insulin, also known as ___ usually reaches the bloodstream ___-___ hours after injection and peaks ___-___ hours later and it’s effective for ___-___ hours.

A

NPH (Neil Patrick Harris)

2-4 hours

4-12 hours

12-18 (NPH is awake for 12-18 hours)

25
Q

Levemir and Lantus are examples of ____ insulin

A

long-acting

it tends to lower glucose levels up to 24 hours

(can be combined with rapid-acting insulin)

26
Q

Addison’s dz is an autoimmune causes low ____, therefore they have to follow a high ____ diet

A

hormones

(aldosterone, cortisol, androgens)

salt (given low aldosterone)

protein (given low androgens; testosterone)

27
Q

Hyperthyroidism has ____ TSH and high T3 and T4.

A

low

28
Q

Hypothyroidism has ___ TSH and low T3 and T4

A

high

29
Q

The main cause of acute kidney failure/injury and acute renal failure is ____

A

dehydration

30
Q

Oliguria means ____

A

not peeing much (<500ml/d)

31
Q

Nephrosis means losing excess ____ in the urine

A

protein

32
Q

Minerals at risk in Nephrosis

A

iron, zinc, copper

33
Q

Symptoms in nephrosis

A

edema, albuminuria, malnutrition, hyperlipidemia

34
Q

What is a dialysate?

A

a carbohydrate

35
Q

What nutrients are restricted in hemodialysis?

A

potassium, phosphorus, sodium, and fluids

36
Q

What vitamins are needed in hemodialysis?

A

B6 (pyridoxine = protein) and B9 (folate for RBC production)

37
Q

Both HD and PD need Erythropoietin (a hormone made in the KIDNEY) that makes ____

A

RBC (anemia common)

38
Q

what is the function of the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)?

A

to balance it out calcium and phosphorus

39
Q

What calcitonin does?

A

Tones down calcium

does not affect calcium

calcitonin will secrete to lower calcium levels

40
Q

What calcitriol does?

A

“trying” to raise calcium and phosphorus levels

when low, calcitriol will be released to raise calcium and phosphorus lab values

41
Q

B12 anemia is also called

A

pernicious anemia and macrocytic anemia

42
Q

B9 anemia is also called

A

macrocytic anemia

43
Q

B6 anemia is also called

A

microcytic anemia

44
Q

Iron deficiency anemia is called

A

hypochromic anemia and microcytic anemia

RD exam (24 decks)

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