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MBC > CH 10 TERMINOLOGY > Flashcards

CH 10 TERMINOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

cerebello

A

cerebellum

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2
Q

cerebro

A

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

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3
Q

dur/o

A

dura mater

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4
Q

encephalo

A

brain (en=in, cephalo=head)

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5
Q

glio

A

glial cells

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6
Q

glioblastoma

A

immature brain mass/tumor

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7
Q

lepto

A

thin/slender

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8
Q

meningo, meningio

A

membranes; meninges

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9
Q

CNS

A

central nervous system

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10
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system

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11
Q

subdural hematoma

A

tearing of veins between the dura and arachnoid membranes, usually from blunt force; below the dura blood collection

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12
Q

epidural hematoma

A

occurs between the skull and the dura as the result of a ruptured meningeal artery usually after a skull fracture; above the dura blood collection

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13
Q

intracerebral hematoma

A

caused by bleeding directly into the brain tissue, such as can occur in the case of uncontrolled hypertension

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14
Q

enchephalitis

A

brain inflammation

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15
Q

encephalopathy

A

brain disease inside head

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16
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

A

CTE-progressive degenerative disease associated with repetetive brain traumas (concussions)

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17
Q

anencephaly

A

partial or complete absence of brain matter. a congenital brain malformation; not compatible with life and may be detected with amniocentisis or ultrasonography of the fetus

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18
Q

glioblastoma

A

this is a highly malignant tumor of the glial (neuroglial) cells

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19
Q

leptomeningeal

A

inflammation of the pia and arachnid membrane- these are labeled together because of their thin, delicate tissue

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20
Q

meningeal

A

pertaining to the meninges

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21
Q

meningioma

A

tumor in the meninges; slowly growing benign tumor

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22
Q

myelomeningocele

A

congenital hernia of spinal cord through the vertebrea; neural tube defect caused by failure of the neural tube to close during embryonic development. occurs in infants with spina bifida.

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23
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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24
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord (means bone marrow if referring to non-neurologic)

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25
Q

polio

A

gray matter

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26
Q

neuro

A

nerve

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27
Q

ponto

A

pons

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28
Q

radiculo

A

nerve root (of spinal nerves)

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29
Q

thalamo

A

thalamus

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30
Q

theco

A

sheath (refers to the meninges)

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31
Q

vago

A

vagus nerve (cranial nerve x, or tenth cranial nerve)

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32
Q

myoneural

A

muscle and nerve

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33
Q

myelopathy

A

disease of the spinal cord

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34
Q

poliomyelitis

A

gray matter of spinal cord disease; called polio; this viral disease affects the gray matter of the spinal cord, leading to paralysis of muscles that rely on the damaged neurons. effective vaccines developed in the 20th century have made polio uncommon.

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35
Q

neuropathy

A

disease of the nerves

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36
Q

polyneuritis

A

inflammation of many nerves

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37
Q

cerebellopontine

A

pertaining to the cerebellum and pons

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38
Q

radiculopathy

A

disease of the spinal nerve root

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39
Q

sciatica

A

a radiculopathy affecting the sciatic nerve root in the back. a herniated disk is a common cause leading to pain, weakness, or numbness down the leg.

40
Q

radiculitis

A

inflammation of the spinal nerve root, often results in pain and loss of function

41
Q

thalamic

A

pertaining to the thalamus

42
Q

intrathecal injection

A

injection into the meninges ex. chemicals such as chemo drugs, can be delivered into the subarachnoid space

43
Q

vagal

A

pertaining to the vagus nerve; this cranial nerve has branches to the head and neck as well as to the chest

44
Q

algeso, algesia

A

sensitivity to pain

45
Q

analgesia

A

absence of sensitivity to pain

46
Q

hypalgesia

A

diminished sensitivity to pain

47
Q

hyperalgesia

A

increased sensitivity to pain

48
Q

pyelo

A

renal pelvis and kidney

49
Q

pyo

A

pus

50
Q

mononeuropathy

A

affects individual nerve

51
Q

polyneuropathy

A

affects many nerves

52
Q

algia

A

pain

53
Q

causo

A

burning

54
Q

comato

A

deep sleep (coma)

55
Q

esthesio, esthesia

A

feeling, nervous sensation

56
Q

kineso, kinesio, kinesia, kinesis, kinetic

A

movement

57
Q

-lepsy

A

siezure

58
Q

narc/o

A

stupor/sleep

59
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

60
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

flashes of pain radiating along the course of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve)

61
Q

cephalgia

A

head pain- headaches may result from tension in the neck and scalp muscles

62
Q

causalgia

A

burning pain following injury to a sensitive nerve

63
Q

comatose

A

deep sleep, pertaining to

64
Q

coma

A

a state of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be aroused. semicomatose refers to a stupor (unresponsiveness) from which a patient can be aroused. in an irreversible coma (brain death) there is complete unresponsitivity to stimuli; no spontaneous breathing or movement, and a flat electroencephalogram (EEG) tracing

65
Q

anesthesia

A

no nerve sensation; lack of normal sensation (as in absense of touch or pain). two common types of regional anasthesia are spinal and epidural (caudal) blocks

66
Q

anesthesiologist

A

a physician who administers anesthesia

67
Q

anesthetics

A

agents that reduce or eliminate sensation, general or local

68
Q

hyperesthesia

A

abnormally intense sensation to a particular stimulus, such as a light touch with a pin. diminished sensitivity to pain is called HYPERasthesia

69
Q

paresthesia

A

abnormal and without cause/ para means abnormal, paresthesias includes tingling, burning and pins and needles sensation

70
Q

bradykinesia

A

slow movement

71
Q

hyperkinesis

A

excessive movement- amphetamines (CNS stimulants) are used to treat, but its not understood why

72
Q

dyskinesia

A

abnormal movement- condition marked by involuntary, spasmodic movements. tardive (occurring late) dyskinesia may develop in people who receive certain antipsychotic drugs for extended periods

73
Q

akinetic

A

without movement

74
Q

epilepsy

A

upper-brain seizure

75
Q

narcolepsy

A

sleep siezure- sudden, uncontrollable compulsion to sleep amphetamines and stimulant drugs are prescribed to prevent attacks.

76
Q

lexo

A

word, phrase

77
Q

paresis

A

weakness

78
Q

phasia

A

speech

79
Q

plegia

A

paralysis (loss or impairment of the ability to move parts of the body)

80
Q

para

A

bring forth

81
Q

dyslexia

A

abnormal word/phrase condition; a developmental reading disorder occurring when the brain does not properly recognize, process, and interpret language

82
Q

hemiparesis

A

half weakness- paralysis affecting either the right or left hemisphere of the body

83
Q

paresis

A

partial paralysis or weakness of muscles

84
Q

aphasia

A

no speech; difficulty speaking; motor aphasia, or broca apashia or expressive aphagia, is present when a patient knows what he or she wants to say but cannot say it. the patient with sensory aphasia has difficulty understanding language and may pronounce words easily but use them inappropriately

85
Q

hemiplegia

A

half paralysis; affects the right or left half of the body and results from a stroke or other brain injury. hemiplegia is contralateral to the brain lesion because motor nerve fibers from the right half of the brain cross to the left side of the body, and vice versa- they cross at the medulla oblongata

86
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower body; caused by injury to the spine or cauda equina

87
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all 4 major extremities- quad means 4- injury is at the cervical level of the spine

88
Q

praxia

A

action

89
Q

-sthenia

A

strength

90
Q

-syncop/o

A

to cut off, cut short

91
Q

tax/o

A

order, corrdination

92
Q

apraxia

A

no action; movements and behavior are not purposeful; a patient with motor apraxia cannot use an object or perform a task. motor weakness is not the cause.

93
Q

neurasthenia

A

lack of strength in nerves- nervous exhaustion or fatigue often following depression

94
Q

syncopal

A

pertaining to fainting

95
Q

syncope

A

means fainting; sudden and temporary loss ofconsciousness caused by inadequate flow of blood to the brain; the term comes from the greek word meaning cutting into pieces- thus, a fainting spell means one’s strength was cut off

96
Q

ataxia

A

without coordination- condition of increased coordination, persistent with unsteadiness on the feet can be caused by a disorder involving the cerebellum

MBC (38 decks)

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