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MBC > CH 15 PATHOLOGY > Flashcards

CH 15 PATHOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

A

ewing sarcoma

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2
Q

bony growth arising from the surface of the bone - benign

A

exostosis

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3
Q

benign exostoses comprised of cartilage and bone usually found on metaphyses of long bones near the epiphyseal plates

A

osteochondromas

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4
Q

a swelling of metatarsophalangeal joint near the base of the big toe and is accompanied by the buildup of soft tissue and underlying bone at the distal medial aspect of the first metatarsal

A

bunion

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5
Q

traumatic breaking of bone

A

fracture

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6
Q

bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin

A

simple/closed fracture

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7
Q

bone is broken and protrudes through an open wound in the skin

A

compound/open fracture

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8
Q

crackling sound produced when ends of bones rub each other or rub against roughened cartilage

A

crepitus

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9
Q

restoration of the bone to its normal position

A

reduction

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10
Q

manipulative reduction without a surgical incision

A

closed reduction

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11
Q

an incision is made for access to the fracture site

A

open reduction

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12
Q

solid mold of the body part, immobilizes injured bone so it can heal

A

cast

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13
Q

open reduction internal fixation

A

ORIF- often involves insertion of metal plates, screws, rods, and pins to stabilize the bone

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14
Q

malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts, found primarily in children and adolescents

A

osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)

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15
Q

malignant tumors from other parts of the body that metastasize to bones

A

metastatic bone lesions

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16
Q

softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral calcium in the bone

A

osteomalacia

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17
Q

osteomalacia as a disease in infancy and childhood, uncommon

A

rickets

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18
Q

inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

A

osteomyelitis

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19
Q

walled-off area of infection that is difficult to penetrate with antibiotics

A

abcess

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20
Q

decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of the bone

A

osteoporosis

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21
Q

a condition in which bone mineral density is lower than normal

A

osteopenia

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22
Q

loss of bone mass due to osteoporosis produces posterior curvature of the spine in the thoracic region

A

khyphosis

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23
Q

congenital abnormality of the hindfoot involving the talus

A

talipes, congenital anomaly clubfoot

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24
Q

inflammation of any joint

A

arthritis

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25
Q

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

A

ankylosing spondylitis

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26
Q

inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals

A

gouty arthritis / gout aka podagra

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27
Q

too much uric acid accumulates in the blood

A

hyperuricemia

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28
Q

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone (formation of osteophytes or bone spurs) at articular surfaces

A

osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease

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29
Q

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane

A

rheumatoid arthritis

30
Q

fibrous tissue forms and calcifies creating a pathologic union at the joint and preventing movement

A

bony ankylosis

31
Q

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

A

bunion

32
Q

hallux valgus

A

great toe- another name for bunion

33
Q

bunionectomy

A

removal of a bunion

34
Q

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament, and bones and tendons of the wrist

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

35
Q

displacement of a bone from its joint

A

dislocation, shoulder and hip are common

36
Q

restoration of the bones to their normal position

A

reduction

37
Q

a partial or incomplete dislocation

A

subluxation

38
Q

fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

A

ganglion cyst

39
Q

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

A

herniation of an intervertebral disc- slipped disc

40
Q

pain radiating down the leg and lower back pain when a disc protrudes into the lumber region

A

sciatica

41
Q

removal of a portion of a protruding disc if it keeps slipping

A

microdiscectomy

42
Q

chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick

A

Lyme disease / Lyme arthritis

43
Q

injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretching of the ligaments around a joint

A

sprain- dont confuse with a strain

44
Q

injury involving the overstretching of a muscle

A

strain

45
Q

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, central nervous system, heart and lungs

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

46
Q

connective tissue in tendons, ligaments, bones, and cartilage, specific protein

A

collagen

47
Q

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

A

muscular dystrophy

48
Q

muscles appear to enlarge

A

pseudohypertrophy

49
Q

most common form of muscular dystrophy

A

duchenne muscular dystrophy

50
Q

chronic inflammatory myopathy, symmetric muscle weakness and pain often with rash - autoimmune disorder

A

polymyositis

51
Q

detects an antibody often present in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus SLE and other autoimmune diseases

A

antinuclear antibody test ANA

52
Q

measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR

53
Q

serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in many patients with rheumatoid arthritis

A

rheumatoid factor test RF

54
Q

measurement of calcium level in serum

A

serum calcium Ca

55
Q

measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

A

serum creatine kinase CK

56
Q

measurement of uric acid in serum

A

uric acid test

57
Q

surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint space

A

arthrocentisis

58
Q

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint

A

arthrography

59
Q

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

A

arthroplasty

60
Q

THR

A

total hip replacement

61
Q

TKR

A

total knee replacement

62
Q

small portion of bone removed to repair joint

A

resection arthroplasty

63
Q

new tissue is placed between damaged surface of a joint such as elbow

A

interposition arthroplasty

64
Q

an operation to replace a failing prosthetic joint

A

revision arthroplasty

65
Q

visual examination of a joint with an arrthroscope which projects an image on a video monitor

A

arthroscopy

66
Q

low energy xray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist is used to measure bone mass, also called dual energy xray absorptiometry

A

bone density test (bone densitometry) DEXA or DXA

67
Q

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

A

bone scan

68
Q

xray beam and computer show cross-sectional and other images of body tissues

A

computed tomography CT

69
Q

xray examination of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disc)

A

discography

70
Q

recording of the electrical activity of muscle tissue

A

electromyography EMG

71
Q

strong magnetic field and advanced computing technology are used to create high-resolution images of soft tissues inside the body

A

magnetic resonance imaging MRI

MBC (38 decks)

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