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Zoology > Subkingdom Bilateria > Flashcards

Subkingdom Bilateria Flashcards

1
Q

Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Division Protostomia
Superphylum Lophotrochozoa synapopmorphies

A 
Lophophore (lost in many)
Trochophore larva (lost in many)
molecular characteristics
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2
Q

Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Division Protostomia has which superphyla?

A

Superphlyum Lophotrochozoa and Superphylum Ecdysozoa

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3
Q

Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Division Protostomia synapomorphies

A 
Blastopore forms mouth
Spiral cleavage 
Coelom developed schizocoely
Nerve surrounds gut
Determinate Fate
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4
Q

Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Synapomorphies

A

Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization
Tripoblastic
Coelom (of some sort)

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5
Q

Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Division Deuterostomia synapomorphies

A 
Blastopore forms anus
Radial cleavage
Enterocoely coelom developed
Dorsal nerve
NOT around gut
Indeterminate fate
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6
Q

Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Division Protostomia
Superphylum Ecdysozoa synapomorphies

A

Exoskeleton
Ecdysis
Molecular characteristics.

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7
Q

Protostomia/Deuterostomia Division

Fate of Blastopore

A

Protostomia makes the mouth first while Deuterostomia makes the anus first

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8
Q

Protostomia/Deuterostomia division Type of Cleavage

A

Protostomia has spiral cleavage which is where the top of the 8 cell morula stage rotates 45 degrees relative to the bottom later

Deuterostomia has radial cleavage.

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9
Q

Protostomia/Deuterostomia division

Blastomere fate

A

Protostomia has a determinate fate for the blastomere, it will turn into what it they are meant to turn into

While Deuterostomia has an indeterminate fate, more choice and variation in fate development

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10
Q

Protostomia/Deuterstomia division coelom formation (determined by formation process not end results)

A

Protostomia is schizocoely, where the mesoderm splits to form coelom

Deuterstomia is Enterocoely, where the coelom forms from being pinched off

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11
Q

Protostomia/Deuterostomia Division Position of Nerve Cord

A

Protostomia–nerve cord is ventral

Deuterostomia–nerve cord is dorsal

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12
Q

Protostomia/Deuterostomia Division Relation of Nerve to Gut

A

Protostomia–nerve wraps around gut

Deuterostomia–nerve is kept separate from the gut

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13
Q

Superphylum’s Lophotrochozoa/Ecdysozoa Division Presence of a lophophore

A

Syperphylum Lophotrochozoa has a lophophore.

It looks like tentacles, with cilia on edges that generate water currents for food particles.

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14
Q

Superphylum’s Lophotrochozoa/Ecdysozoa Division

Presence of a Trochophore

A

Superphylum Lophotrochozoa has a Trochophore.

It is 4 separate patches of cilia. Apical Tuff is the top
Prototroch is the inner middle
Metatroch is the outer middle, goes down toward the bottom
Terotroch is the bottom cilia patch

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15
Q

Superphylum’s Lophotrochozoa/Ecdysozoa Division Presence of Ecdysis and protein cuticle

A

Superphylum Ecdysozoa - phylum nematoda and phylum arthropoda

Leaving old protein skeleton behind for a new protein exoskeleton. Nonliving

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16
Q

Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Playhelminthes Taxonomy and systematics

A 
Kingdom Animalia
Subkingdom Bilateria
Division Protostomia
Superphylum Lophotrochozoa
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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17
Q

Superphylum Lophotrochozoa: Phylum Platyhelminthes Classes Taxonomy and systematics

A

Class “Turbellaria”
Class Trematoda
Class Monogenea
Class Cestoda

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18
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class “Turbellaria” common name and exemplars

A

Common name for Class “Turbellaria” Free living flatworms

Exemplar: Planaria tigrinum

19
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda common name and exemplars

A

Common name for Class Trematoda: Digenetic Flukes

Exemplars: Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica, Paragonimus, westermani, Schistosoma mansoni

20
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Monogena common name and exemplars

A

Common name for Class Monogena: monogenetic flukes

Exemplar: Gyrodoactylus salaris

21
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoda Common name and exemplars

A

Class Cestoda common name: tapeworms

Exemplars: Taenia solium, Dipylidium caninum, Echinococcus granulosus

22
Q

Diversity of Phylum Platyhelminthes Classes

A

Class Trematoda–11,000 spp.
Class Cestoda–4,200 spp.
Class “Turbellaria”– 3,500 spp.
Class Monogena–1,300 spp.

23
Q

Synapomorphies of Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Depressed body dorsiventrally
Rhabdite cells
Endolecithal eggs
Protonephridia

24
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda synapomorphies

A 
Prohaptor, 
opisthaptor, 
parasitic with >_ 2 hosts
Miracidium, radia, cercarcia larva
Syncytial integument
25
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Monogenea synapomorphies

A

Hooks present on opishaptor

Syncytial integument

26
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Cestoda synapomorphies

A 
Scolex
Proglottids (NOT segments)
Cysticercus larva
Syncytial integument
Hooks present
27
Q

Synapomorphies of Platyhelminthes: Endolecithal eggs

A

Inside yolk, yolk is sequestered into vacuoles. Only occurs in flatworms

28
Q

Synapomorphies of Phylum Platyhelminthes: Protonephridia

A

Flame cells

1) Flagellum beats, creating negative pressure
2) Intersitial fluid drawn into excretory canal
3) Fluid pushed down toward excretory pore. Good substances reabsorbed by active transport
4) Nitrogenous waste pushed out of excretory pore (1st time seeing structure for waste removal)

29
Q

Features of Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Triploblastic
Cephalized
Bilaterally symmetric
Acolemate

30
Q

Class “Turbellaria” Planaria tigrinum

A

No synapomorphies, paraphyletic group
Characteristics: Free living, non parasitic
Habitat: marine, some fresh water

31
Q

Class Trematoda: Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola heaptica, Paragonius westermani, Schistosoma mansoni

A

Creates holes in host (liver, intestines) and lives in them

Larva typically infects snails/slugs through them eating infected waste

Adults usually live where eggs can exit host body easily (liver, intestines’, bile duct)

32
Q

Which class of phylum platyhelminths is an obligate endoparasites and free-living larvae

A

Class Trematoda

33
Q

Important Trematodes: Clonorchis sinensis

A

Human liver fluke
30 million infections
Eating cysts in raw fish (sushi)

34
Q

Important Trematodes: Paragonimus westermani

A

Human lung fluke
3 million infections
eating cysts in crustaceans

35
Q

Important Trematodes: Fasciola hepatica

A

Sheep liver fluke
2.4 million infections
Eating cysts on unwanted vegetation

36
Q

Important Trematodes: Schistosoma manisoni

A

Human blood fluke
200 million infections
Cercarcia penetrates skin when walking barefoot on beach

37
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes Class Monogena habitat

A

obligate endoparasite of fish gills

38
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Class Monogena Gyrodactylus salaris

A 
Lives on fish gills
Drink blood
Reproduce quickly
Some fish gills get completely covered
Often outbreaks in fish farms and wipers out schools.
39
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes: Class Cestoda Characteristics

A

Absent digestive system

Cysticercus larvae

40
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda, Taenia solium

A

Pork/beef tapeworm

Get by eating raw pork

41
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes, Class Cestoda, Dipylidium caninum

A

dog or cat tapeworm, caught by eating fleas (dog kisses)

42
Q

Phylum Playhelminthes, Class Cestoda Echinococcus granulosus

A

Cysticercasis-goes to human brain due to being confused by human physiology
Hydadical tapeworm
Undercooked beef and pork
Dog that eats roadkill

43
Q

Body systems in Platyhelminthes

A

Regular Integument (regular epithelium) in class “Turbellaria”
Syncytium (continue epithelium layer) in classes Trematoda, Monogena, Cestoda
Absent Skeletal system
Muscular System: outer circulatory muscle and inner longitudinal muscle
Digestive system: Incomplete gut, mouth, pharynx and instestines, some with diverticulae all in class “Turbellaria”
Absent in Classes Trematoda, Monogena, Cestoda
Asexual: “Turbellaria”
Sexual: monoicous and few dioecious
Nervous system: paired longitudinal nervous cord, statocyst, ocelli

Zoology (39 decks)

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