Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

I need to learen > Abnormal White Blood Cell Counts > Flashcards

Abnormal White Blood Cell Counts Flashcards

1
Q

What is pancytopenia

A

All lineages reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of malignant haemopoeisis

A

Leukaemia (lymphoid, myeloid) = cancer of blood cells

Myelodysplasia = immature cells

Myeloproliferative = too many cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where are neutrophils found and how do they develop

A

Found in the peripheral blood

  1. myeloblast
  2. promyelocyte
  3. myelocyte
  4. metamyelocyte
  5. neutrophil (only one in the peripheral blood)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How are cell numbers controlled

A

Different cytokines will increase different cell numbers

DNA dictates differentiation and proliferation of blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which cytokines are involved in increasing cell numbers (erythroid, lymphoid and myeloid)

A

Erythroid - Erythropoietin
Lymphoid - IL2
Myeloid - G-CSF, M-CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which cells are found in the peripheral blood

A

Immunocytes - T, B and NK cells

Phagocytes - granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils) and monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why may there be an increase WBC production

A

Reactive - infection or inflammation

Malignant - leukaemia or myeloproliferative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why may there be a decrease in WBC production

A 
Impaired bone marrow function
  - Aplastic anaemia 
  - Post chemo
  - Metastatic cancer
  - Haematological cancer
B12 or folate deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why may there be an increase in cell survival

A

Failure of apoptosis e.g. acquired cancer causing mutation in some lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why may there be a decrease in cell survival

A

immune breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary causes of an elevated blood count

A

Primary = malignancy

Secondary = a normal response to stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

There is an elevated blood count of mature cells and all lineages are raised. What is the possible cause

A

Response to infection (secondary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

There is an elevated blood count of mature cells and only one lineage is raised. What is the possible cause

A

Response to infection (secondary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

There is an elevated blood count of mature cells and lymphocytes raised. What is the possible cause

A

Either chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (primary) or a response to viral infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the blood count of acute leukaemia

A

Elevated count of immature cells
Blasts are present
Platelets and Haemoglobin is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the blood count of chronic myeloid leukaemia

A

mix of mature and immature cells

17
Q

Where are neutrophils found, what is their lifespan and what proportion are marginated

A

Present in bone marrow, blood and tissues
Life span = 2-3 days in tissues
50% circulating are marginated (stuck to vessels wall)

18
Q

What is the cause of neutrophilia that develops in minutes

A

demargination

19
Q

What is the cause of neutrophilia that develops in hour

A

Early release from BM

20
Q

What is the cause of neutrophilia that develops in days

A

Increased production (x3 in infection)

21
Q

What can cause primary neutrophilia

A

Myeloproliferative disorders (pre-malignant)

Chronic or acute myeloid leukaemia

22
Q

What can cause secondary neutrophila

A

Inflammation (e.g.colitis, pancreatitis)
Infection
Physical stress (adrenaline, corticosteroids)
Underlying neoplasia

23
Q

Give examples of infections which do not characteristically produce neutrophilia

A

Typhoid, brucella, and many viral infections

24
Q

What may cause primary eosinophilia

A

Chronic eosinophilic leukaemia

25
Q

What may cause secondary eosinophilia

A

Parasitic infestation
Allergic or autoimmune diseases e.g. asthma, rheumatoid, polyarteritis
Response to neoplasms e.g. Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Hypereosinophilic syndrome

26
Q

What may monocytosis be seen in

A

Infections: tuberculosis, typhoid, brucella, VZV, CMV
Sarcoidosis
Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia

27
Q

What can basophilia be caused by

A

Pox viruses

28
Q

What is the common name of infectious mononucleosis and what type of disease is it

A

Glandular fever/mono

Looks immature but is actually a reactive, infection induced lymphocytosis

29
Q

Describe the action of infectious mononucleosis in the body

A
  1. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects B lymphocytes using their CD21 receptor
  2. The infected B cell proliferates and expresses EBV-associated antigens
  3. Stimulation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response
  4. Resolves the acute infection but a lifelong sub-clinical infection remains.
30
Q

Describe what is detected in the Southern Blot Test

A

Ig and TCR genes undergo recombination in antigen-stimulated lymphocytes (B and T). Due to their primary monoclonal proliferation, all daughter cells have identical configurations of these genes

I need to learen (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions