Module 4-Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

Cytology

Answer 1

The study of cells

Question 2

Plasma membrane

Answer 2

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and the cell’s surroundings

Question 3

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 3

A cell that has no nucleus or other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells

Question 6

Fluid mosaic model

Answer 6

A model proposing that the plasma membrane is composed of a mosaic of components (mainly phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol) that are free to move fluidly within the plane of the membrane

Question 7

Hypotonic solution

Answer 7

A solution that has a low solute concentration (and so a high water concentration) relative to another solution

Question 8

Hypertonic solution

Answer 8

A solution that has a high solute concentration (and so a low water concentration) relative to another solution

Question 9

Isotonic solution

Answer 9

A solution that has the same solute concentration (and water concentration) relative to another solution

Question 10

Cytolysis

Answer 10

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure

Question 11

Plasmolysis

Answer 11

Collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water

Question 12

Passive transport

Answer 12

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need for energy input

Question 13

Active transport

Answer 13

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy input

Question 14

Endocytosis

Answer 14

The process of moving particles into the cell by means of vesicles forming from the cell membrane

Question 15

Exocytosis

Answer 15

The process by moving particles out of the cell by means of vesicle membranes fusing with the cell membrane

Question 16

Synthesis

Answer 16

The ability to combine simple compounds into complex molecules

Question 17

Respiration

Answer 17

The ability to release energy from the breakdown of food molecules

Question 18

Excretion

Answer 18

The ability to remove soluble metabolic waste from the cell

Question 19

Secretion

Answer 19

The ability to release biosynthesized substances

Question 20

Homeostasis

Answer 20

The ability to maintain internal stability

Question 21

Reproduction

Answer 21

The ability to produce more cells

Question 22

Phagocytosis

Answer 22

The endocytic process by which a cell engulfs large, solid particles or cells

Question 23

Pinocytosis

Answer 23

The endocytic process by which a cell absorbs extracellular fluid containing dissolved particles