Lymphomas ☺️

Question 1

Pathophysiology

Answer 1

Clonal expansion of malignant lymphocytes
-accumulate in lymph nodes => lymphadenopathy

Hodgkin - often localised with continuous LN spread
NHL - multiple LN and extranodal involvement common

Question 2

Epidemiology and prognosis for

• Non Hodgkin
• Hodgkin

Answer 2

Non Hogdkin - variable prognosis

• MOST COMMON LYMPHOMA - B cell
• common in children

Hodgkin - curable in majority

• common in 20-30s and older
• B cell
• spreads predictably along lymphatic pathways

Question 3

Causes/risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 3

FHx

EBV, HIV
Weak immune system - post transplant, IC, chemo, radio

Question 4

Causes/risk factors of NHL

Answer 4

INFECTIONS
EBV => Burkitt lymphoma
HPylori => MALT lymphoma
HIV => lymphoma

AI, IC, chemo, radio

Question 5

Presentation of lymphoma

Answer 5

B symptoms

Hard non mobile, non tender lymphadenopathy that does not go away for

If BM involvement
-pancytopenia

Other symptoms depending on location of enlarged lymph nodes

Question 6

Investigations

Answer 6

DIAGNOSTIC - lymph node biopsy

• FBC - BM impact - pancytopenia
• U&E, LFT - organ function
• high LDH - increased cell destruction and metabolic activity

Imaging - CT/PET CAP for staging

Question 7

Management

Answer 7

Chemo, radio

Autologous stem cell transplant