GU Malignancy: Prostate, Bladder, Testicular Flashcards
Bladder cancer
- epidemiology
- types
- risk factors
Older males
Most common - TCC
Schistosomiasis exposure - squamous
Smokers, schistosomiasis
Aniline dyes in printing, textiles -naphthylamine, benzidine
Rubber manufacturing
Bladder cancer
- presentation
- diagnosis
- management
Visble/invisible hematuria => bladder cancer unless proven otherwise
Diagnosis - cystoscopy + biopsy
Staging - pelvic MRI, CT
Superficial - TURBT
Higher risk - intravesical chemotherapy/radical cystectomy/RT
2WW criteria
- prostate
- bladder
- renal
- testicular
DRE abnormal
PSA high
=> 2WW
Bladder and renal => 2WW
45+ VH thats not UTI related
Bladder only 60+ NVH and -dysuria -high WCC => 2WW
Testicular => 2WW
-non painful enlarged/changes in testis
Prostate cancer
- epidemiology
- types
- presentation
Older men
Majority - adenocarcinoma in peripheral zone
Can be asymptomatic
Advanced - pelvic pain, urinary symptoms
Metastatic - bone pain
Prostate cancer
- diagnosis
- management
Abnormal DRE
High PSA
-prostatitis, UTI, BPH, prostatic trauma
Diagnosis - transrectal USS + biopsy
Staging - pelvic MRI/CT, bone scan
Elderly, many comorbidities - active surveillance
Disease progression - radical treatment
-RT, brachytherapy
-radical prostatectomy
-bilateral orchidectomy/LHRH analogue, anti androgens => reduce T reaching prostate
Testicular cancer
- epidemiology
- types
- risk factors
Most common in 20-30s men
Most common - germ cell tumours (seminomas, non seminomas)
Infertility
Cryptorchidism, Klinefelter
Mumps orchiditis
FHx
Testicular cancer
- presentation
- diagnosis
- tumour markers
- management
Painless lump
Hydrocele
Gynceomastia
Diagnosis - US Tumour markers -seminoma -hCG -non seminoma - AFP, bHCG -germ cell - LDH
Orchidectomy
CT, RT
Metastasis
-bladder, prostate, testicles
Bone Liver Lung
