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NUR 804 Pharmacology > Module 5, Cardiovascular & Renal > Flashcards

Module 5, Cardiovascular & Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What do the nitrates do?

nitroglycerine, isosorbide

A

relax vascular smooth muscle, decrease venous return, decrease myocardial oxygen demands

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2
Q

What are the rate limiting calcium channel blockers? What else do they do?

A

Verapamil, diltiazem. Negative inotropes

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3
Q

What are the dihydropyridine CCBs What do they do?

A

(-pine). Amlodipine, nifedipine

More vasodilating effect.

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4
Q

What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

hypokalemia, hypovolemia, hyperglycemia, metabolic alkalosis

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5
Q

What anti-hypertensive is used in pregnancy? Which is contraindicated?

A

Used in pregnancy; hydralazine

Contra: ACEs

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6
Q

What are the side effects of the alpha 2 agonists (methyldopa, clonidine)?

A 
CNS effects (dizziness, sedation), especially in elderly. 
HTN crisis if stopped abruptly
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7
Q

What anti-HTN medications are first line for africa american patients?

A

thiazide diuretics, CCBs

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8
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

Elevated LFTs, myopathy, myalgia, hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

What are the high intensity statins?

A

Rosuvastatin, Atorvastatin

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10
Q

How does Ezetimibe work?

A

Inhibits cholesterol absorption

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11
Q

What should be considered at stage II HTN >140/90

A

two anti-HTN medications

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12
Q

What ASCVD risk should a statin be added?

A

Intermediate and high (> 7.5%)

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13
Q

What are the selective beta 1 blockers?

A

Metoprolol, esmolol, atenolol, bisoprolol

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14
Q

What are the non-selective beta blockers? What effects could they have?

A

carvedilol, propanolol

Bronchospasm

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15
Q

What are the most common side effects of amiodarone?

A

photophobia/blurred vision, photosensitivity, nausea/anorexia, hypothyroid

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16
Q

When would warfarin be preferred over the novel oral anticoags?

A

renal disease (NOACs need renally adjusted), mechanical heart valves, mitral stenosis, elderly

17
Q

What are the aldosterone antagonists?

When are they contraindicated?

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Hyperkalemia, CR > 2

NUR 804 Pharmacology (6 decks)

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