Module 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Medial/Median
Pertaining to the middle; in or toward the middle; nearer the middle of the body. Center line of the body separating into the right and left side
Sagittal
located in a plane that is parallel to the central plane of the sagittal structure
A vertical plane passing through the standing body from front to back. The mid-sagital, or median, plane splits the body into left and right halves.
Coronal
the structure between the parietal front bones of the skull
A coronal plane through the body is a vertical plane from head to foot and parallel to the shoulders
Frontal
In anatomy, pertaining to the forehead.
Transverse
In anatomy, a horizontal plane passing through the standing body so that the transverse plane is parallel to the floor.
Cross
Cross-sectional study: A research study done at one time, not over the course of time. A cross-sectional study might be a study of a disease such as AIDS at one point in time, to learn its prevalence and distribution within the population. Also known as a synchronic study.
Anterior
front
Posterior
back or behind
Lateral
if a part of the body is located away from the midline
In anatomy, the side of the body or a body part that is farther from the middle or center of the body. Typically, lateral refers to the outer side of the body part, but it is also used to refer to the side of a body part. For example, when referring to the knee, lateral refers to the side of the knee farthest from the opposite knee. The opposite of lateral is medial.
Superior
above
In antomy, above or over top of. As opposed to inferior. The heart is superior to the stomach. The superior surface of the tongue rests against the palate.
Inferior
below
In anatomy, below or toward the feet. As opposed to superior. The liver is inferior to the lungs.
Ventral
Pertaining to the front or anterior of any structure. The ventral surfaces of the body include the chest, abdomen, shins, palms, and soles. Ventral is as opposed to dorsal. From the Latin “venter” meaning belly.
Dorsal
Relating to the back or posterior of a structure. Some of the dorsal surfaces of the body are the back, buttocks, calves, and the knuckle side of the hand.
Proximal
Toward the beginning, the nearer of two (or more) items.
Distal
The more (or most) distant of two (or more) things.
Caudal
Pertaining to the tail or the hind part. 2. Situated in or directed toward the tail or hind part. 3. Inferior to another structure, in the sense of being below it.
Superficial
on the surface or shallow.
Ipsilateral
On the same side
Contralateral
Of or pertaining to the other side.
anatomy
The study of human or animal form, by observation or examination of the living being, examination or dissection of dead specimens, microscopic examination, and/or textbooks.
gross anatomy
the study of the macroscopic structures of an organism
human anatomy
the study of the human body
comparative anatomy
comparing the anatomy of different animals and organisms
microscopic anatomy
the study of the microscopic structures of an organism
physiology
the study of the functions of an organism and its parts
histology
the study of tissues
levels of organization
organism system organ tissues cells organelles molecules
homeostasis
a state of equilibrium in the body with respect to its functions, chemical levels and tissues
negative feedback loop
nervous system
endocrine system
receptors
effectors
organelles
plasma membrane nucleus cytoplasm ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus lysosome peroxisome mitochondria centrioles cilia
plasma membrane
the boundary of the cell our outer wall
ribosomes
can be thought of as the kitchens within the cells. where protein synthesis occurs
A tiny structure in the cytoplasm of a cell (outside the nucleus) that functions as the protein factory for the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum
a network within the cells cytoplasm. Endo means within. Plasmic refers to the cells cytoplasms. The word reticulum is Latin meaning network.
A structure within cells that is an extension of the nuclear membrane and in which proteins slated to become part of the nuclear membrane are translated, folded and transported. Abbreviated ER.
nucleus
the structure that houses the chromosomes - the nucleus contains the genetic material which is DNA
nuclear envelope
a porous double membrane that is the wall of the nucleus it is actually a double membrane
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid - the genetic material
chromatin
The nucleoprotein material of chromosomes. Chromatin is essentially the substance of chromosomes.
chromosomes
strands of DNA during reproduction
cytoplasm
the substance located between the nucleus and the cell memrane