Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 4301 > Study Guide for Module 1 > Flashcards

Study Guide for Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gross anatomy

A

the study of macroscopic structures of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

the study of the microscopic structures of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of an organism and its parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

histology

A

the study of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

organ

A

a group of tissues specialized for a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tissues

A

groups of cells specialized for a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

homeostasis

A

a state of equilibrium in the body with respect to its functions, chemical levels, and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effector

A

a structure in the body that can change the value of a variable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

selective permeability

A

the ability to let certain materials in or out while restricting others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endocytosis

A

the process by which large molecules are taken into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

exocytosis

A

transportation of material from inside the cell to outside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If this course taught you only the name of each organ and where it is in the body, would this be an anatomy course or a physiology course?

A

An anatomy course.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the seven levels of organization in a living tissue?

A
  1. organism
  2. organ system
  3. organs
  4. tissues
  5. cells
  6. organelles
  7. molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Suppose you are using a 40x, 100x, 400x, 1000x microscope to study the human body. What levels of organization would you be studying?

A

tissues
cells
organelles
molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A
  1. nervous tissue
  2. muscular tissue
  3. connective tissue
  4. epithelial tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of tissue makes up the lining of a blood vessel?

A

epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What type of tissue makes up the trapezius muscle

A

muscular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of tissue makes up the cartilage in your joints?

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of tissue makes up the frontal lobe of your brain?

A

nervous tissue

20
Q

What is the general term for the processes in our environment that threaten homeostasis?

A

Stress

21
Q

Suppose your heart rate began to increase to a point that was dangerous. If the body initiated a negative feedback response, would your heart rate go up or down? If the body initiated a positive feedback response, would your heart rate go up or down?

A

Negative - down (Negative feedback systems detects a change and produces the opposite effect - which is good - or opposite of what you would think it should be)

Positive - up (Positive feedback leat to disease or death unless interrupted….positive here is not good)

22
Q

What are the two organ systems that control the negative feedback systems for the body?

A

The heart and the brain

23
Q

10 When you exercise, your blood glucose levels tend to drop, because you are using the glucose for energy. To counteract that effect, the pancreas monitors your blood glucose levels. If the pancreas decides that the blood glucose level is too low, it can release a hormone called glucagon. This hormone stimulates the liver to release glucose in the blood.

A

answer 10 a, b, c, d

24
Q

10a What is the stress in this situation?

A

exercise

25
Q

10b What is the control center?

A

the brain

26
Q

10c What is the effector?

A

the heart

27
Q

10d Is the endocrine system involved?

A

yes

28
Q

List the organelles we discussed and briefly give their main function.

A

plasma membrane - cell wall holds the cell together & controls entry and exit of substances

nucleus - contains the genetic material or DNA

cytoplasm - the fluid part containing chemicals used for various processes

ribosomes - synthesizes proteins

endoplasmic reticulum - network of tubes for transport of chemicals within the cell as well as producing lipids and carbohydrates

Golgi apparatus - package various chemical for many purposes

mitochondria - the major site of ATP synthesis in the cell

centrioles - found in the centrosome or center of the microtubule formation for the cell, influence the movement and shape of the cell

cilia - hair like structures for moving fluid or blocking foreign bodies

29
Q

How many nucleotides are in a codon?

A

3

30
Q

Suppose the first nucleotide on a codon is adenine. What will the first nucleotide be on the corresponding anticodon? What was the nucleotide that was originally on DNA?

A

for Adenine(A) codon, anticodon = Uracil (U). In original template DNA the nocleotide would be Thymine (T). The reason is that in RNA, Uracil present instead of Thymine

31
Q

List the phases of mitosis in order.

A 
Interphase
Prophase (Early then late)
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
32
Q

In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes have the “X” shape that most people associate with chromosomes?

A

both prophase and metaphase

33
Q

What property of phsopholipids gives the plasma membrane the ability to self-reassemble?

A

being hydrolyphic (water-loving) on one end and hydrophobic (water-hating) on the other

34
Q

What is the function of a glycoprotein in the plasma membrane?

A

they act as markers allowing the cells to recognize each other

35
Q

What is the function of a receptor protein in the plasma membrane?

A

to take in messages from other cells

36
Q

The model of the plasma membrane that we discussed is the fluid mosaic model. What is the “fluid?” What does “mosaic” refer to?

A

fluid - refers to the phosophlipid bilayer

mosaic - refers to the fact that there are many different kinds of proteins floating within the phospholipid bilayer

37
Q

There are essentially four basic ways a substance can get through the plasma membrane. What are they? If you get specific you will end up listing 6 - that is fine too.

A
  1. mediated transport
  2. membrane transport
    3.passive transport
  3. active transport
    5.
    6.
38
Q
  1. For each of the following substances, indicate how they will get through the plasma membrane and into the cell. In this case, consider channel proteins and charged channel proteins to be different and use the two more precise terms for endocytosis.
A

Answer a-f

39
Q

21a Water

A

channel proteins

40
Q

21b a protein

A

endocytosis

41
Q

21c a Mg2+ ion

A

diffusion

42
Q

21d a monosaccharide

A

carrier proteins

43
Q

21e an invading bacterium

A

carrier protein

44
Q

21f a lipid

A

mediated transport

45
Q

If a protein enters a cell, and the outside of the cell has a higher concentration of that protein than inside of the cell, is that an active transport process or a passive transport process?

A

passive?

46
Q

If a glucose molecule enters a cell, and the concentration of glucose inside the cell is less than the concentration of glucose outside the cell, did the cell expand ATP?

A

no?

Science 4301 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions