Polyatomic Ions 2.1.2 (p)

Question 1

Calcium

Answer 1

Ca2+

Skeletal muscle structure and function, polymerisation of fibrin and the impulse conduction are all regulated by calcium.

Question 2

Sodium potassium

Answer 2

NaK

A Sodium potassium pump is a protein which maintains the amount of Potassium ions to be higher than the solution outside of a cell as well as maintaining the amount of Sodium ions to be lower than the solution outside of the cell.

Question 3

Hydrogen

Answer 3

H+

Hydrogen is found in sugars, proteins, starch and fats which are all important to the human diet.
Found in Glucose which is used to release energy
Found in water which hydrates the body

Question 4

Ammonium

Answer 4

NH4+

After excretion, your wast contains levels of nitrogen. Prokaryotes decompose the waste which releases Nitrogen in the form of ammonia. Ammonia reacts with the water in the soil to become ammonium.

Question 5

Nitrate

Answer 5

NO3-

Used as an oxidising agent

Question 6

Hydrogen carbonate

Answer 6

HCO3 -

Blood carries Bicarbonate to your lungs where it is exhaled as Carbon Dioxide. Your kidneys also regulate Bicarbonate as it excretes and reabsorbs it.

Question 7

Chloride

Answer 7

Cl-

It is an important electrolyte in the blood. It keeps the fluid inside and outside the cell balanced.
It maintains the volume and pressure of blood as well as the pH of body fluids.

Question 8

Phosphate

Answer 8

PO4 3-

ATP contains Phosphorus so Phosphorus is needed for living.
Phosphorus also makes up DNA
Phosphorus is also used in the cell surface membrane

Question 9

Hydroxide

Answer 9

OH-

Hydroxide can be used as a base catalyst. It can take away protons from an acid which would act as a proton donor.
Can also be used as a nucleophilic reagent which are used in ester hydrolysis.