Eukaryotic cells 2 - Protein Transport

Question 1

what is the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 1

network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move

Question 2

What are ribsomes made from

Answer 2

ribsomal RNA and protein

Question 3

What is the main type of ribsomes found in eukaroytic cells

Answer 3

80S

Question 4

What does the S stand for

Answer 4

Svedberg - unit measured how quickly particles settle in the centrifuge

Question 5

What does the rate of sedimentation depend on

Answer 5

size and shape of the particle

Question 6

what are 80s ribsomes broken down into

Answer 6

40S small subunit and 60s large subunit

Question 7

What is the ratio of RNA: Protein in 80s ribsomes

Answer 7

1:1

Question 8

Where can 70S ribosomes be found

Answer 8

prokaroytic cells and in the chroplasts of plant cells

Question 9

Where are 70s ribosomes found

Answer 9

Prokaroytic cells and chlorplasts

Question 10

What are 70’s ribosomes made up of

Answer 10

small 30S subunit and a larger 50s subunit

Question 11

What is the ratio of RNA protein in 70S ribosomes

Answer 11

2:1

Question 12

Where are 70S ribsomes reproduced

Answer 12

In the mitochondria and chloroplasts independently when a cell divides

Question 13

What are 80S ribosomes

Answer 13

Main type of ribsomes dound in eukaroyic cells , consisting of ribosmal RNA and protein, made up of a 60S and a 40S subunit
They are at the site of protein synthesis

Question 14

What are 70S ribsomes

Answer 14

Found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells in the porkaytoic organisms

Question 15

What is rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 15

they are coverd in 80S ribosomes and which is involved in the production and transport of proteins

Question 16

What are the adpation of the RER

Answer 16

Large surface area for the synthesis of all these proteins and it stores and transports then both within the cell and from the inside to the outside

Question 17

What is smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 17

Is a smooth tubular structure similar to RER but without the ribsomes which is involved in the synthesis and transport of steroids and lipids in the cell

Question 18

What does the golgi appartus look like

Answer 18

rather dense area of cytoplasm

Question 19

What is the goligi appartus made up of

Answer 19

Stacks of parrallel, flattened membrane pockets called a cisternae, formed by vesicles from the endoplamsic retictulam fusing together

Question 20

What is the function of the golgi appratus

Answer 20

Proteins are brought to the golgi apparatus in vesicles that have pinched off from the RER where they were made. The vesicles fuse with the membrane sacs of the golgi apparatus and the proteins enter the golgi stacks, As the proteins travels the GA they are modified in various ways

Question 21

Organeels in the cells of your body that are worm out need to be destoryed by what ?

Answer 21

Lysomes

Question 22

What do lysomes look like

Answer 22

They appear dark, spherical bodies in the cytoplasm of most cells and they contain a powerful mix of digestive enzymes

Question 23

Why may a lysome fuse with the outer cell membrane

Answer 23

To release its enzyme outside the cell as extracellular enzymes e.g destroy bacteria

Question 24

Why do lysomes self destruct

Answer 24

Id an entire cell is wearing out and needs to be removed during devleopment the lysomes may rupture releasing their enzymes to destriy the entire contents of a cell

Question 25

What is apoptosis

Answer 25

is a progrmaaed cell death- the breakdown of worn out damaged or diseased cells by lysosmes

Question 26

Why is lysosome

Answer 26

An organeele full of digestive enzymes used to break down worn out or organelles , or digest food in simple organisms

Question 27

What is GA

Answer 27

Consists stacks of membranes that modify proteins made elsewhere in the cell and package them into vesicles for transport